Triviality of bounded solutions of the stationary Ginzburg-Landau equation on spherically symmetric manifolds (Q2396414)

The authors consider \((M,g)\), a noncompact spherically symmetric Riemannian manifold, e.g., a kind of Euclidean space, Lobachevskii space, and so on. Then, the authors study the properties of solutions for the stationary equation \( (*):\;-\Delta u=c(x)f(u)\) (resp. \((**):\;\Delta u+u^q\leq 0\)) on \(M_g\) such that \(c(x)\) is some positive function, \(q>1\), and \(f\) is a smooth function on the set of positive real numbers such that \(f(0)=f(a)=0\), \(f(u)>0\) (resp. \(f(u)<0\)) on \((0,a)\) (resp. on \((a,\infty)\))\textbf{,} where \(a\) is some positive constant. Precisely, by assuming that \(g\) satisfies \[ (1):\;\displaystyle\limsup_{\rho\to\infty}\left[A(\rho,q)\int_{2\rho}^\infty\frac{ds}{[g(s)]^{n-1}}ds\right]=\infty, \] where \[ A(\rho,q)=\left(\rho^{2}\frac{\displaystyle\int_{\rho/2}^\rho[g(r)]^{n-1}dr}{\displaystyle\int_{\rho/4}^{2\rho}[g(r)]^{n-1}dr}\right)^{\frac{1}{q-1}}, \] the authors state that a positive solution of \((**)\) vanishes on \(B_g^c\), the complement of the unit geodesic ball \(B_g\) in \((M,g)\) (Theorem 1). The proof is given by contradiction and by using the fact that a non-zero positive function \(u\) of \((**)\) is greater, up to a positive multiplicative constant, to \(\displaystyle\int_r^\infty\frac{ds}{[g(s)]^{n-1}}ds\) for \(r\geq 2\) (Lemma 3). Apropos of the equation \((*)\), the authors state that a solution \(u\) is constant whenever \((1)\) is satisfied, \(f(s)\geq \sigma s^q\) for \(s\in(0,\delta)\) where \(\delta=\delta(q)\) is a positive constant depending on \(q\), and \(\sigma=\sigma(q,\delta)\) is a positive constant relying on \(q,\delta\), and \(u\in [0,a]\) (Theorem 2). The proof is essentially based on using Theorem 1 and the properties of supersolutions/subsolutions of a family of boundary value problems where differential equations are as \((*)\) and constraints are taken on boundary conditions of a bounded interval. The article is endowed with an appendix giving an alternative version of Theorem 1, that a solution of the inequality equation \((**)\) has a non-null solution whenever \(\displaystyle\limsup_{\rho\to\infty}\frac{h(\rho)}{V(\rho)}=1\), such that \(h(\rho)\) is a positive function of sufficiently fast growth and \(V(\rho)\) is the volume of a geodesic ball of radius \(\rho\).