Realization of functions on the symmetrized bidisc (Q2396864)

The so-called realization and model formulas are important tools in many problems of function and operator theory. This paper provides such formulas for bounded analytic functions in the symmetrized bidisc \( G:=\{(z+w,zw) : z,w\in\mathbb D\}\). A main application is a criterion on Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation for analytic functions of the form \(\varphi:G\longrightarrow\overline{\mathbb D}\) (Theorem 5.1). A slighlty simplified version of the \textit{realization formula} is given by Theorem 1.1 in the introduction (see Theorem 3.1 for the stronger result): given \(\varphi:G\longrightarrow\overline{\mathbb D}\) analytic, there exist a Hilbert space \(\mathcal M\) and unitary operators \(T\) on \(\mathcal M\) and \(\begin{bmatrix} A & B \\ C & D \end{bmatrix}\) on \(\mathbb C\otimes\mathcal M\) such that \[ \varphi(s)=A+ B s_T (1-Ds_T)^{-1} C, \qquad s\in G . \] Here \(s_T=(2s^2T-s^1)(2-s^1 T)^{-1}\), where \(s=(s^1,s^2)\). Conversely, any function \(\varphi\) with the expression above, where \(T,A,B,C,D\) are such that the operators \(T\) and \(\begin{bmatrix} A & B \\ C & D \end{bmatrix}\) are unitary, is analytic from \(G\) to \(\overline{\mathbb D}\). A previous paper [the authors et al., in: Reproducing kernel spaces and applications. Basel: Birkhäuser. 1--37 (2003; Zbl 1046.47013)] provided a realization formula for analytic maps from \(\mathbb D\) to \(\overline{G}\). The duality between these two classes of maps is important in the theory of hyperbolic complex spaces in the sense of Kobayashi. The realization formula above is deduced from the \textit{model formula}. A \(G\)-model for \(\varphi\) is a triple \((\mathcal M, T, u)\), where \(\mathcal M\) is a Hilbert space, \(T\) is a contraction acting on \(\mathcal M\) and \(u:G\longrightarrow \mathcal M\) is an analytic function such that \[ 1-\overline{\varphi(t)}\varphi(s)=\langle (1-t_T^* s_T) u(s), u(t)\rangle_{\mathcal M}, \qquad s,t\in G. \] Theorem 2.2 proves that the following three statements are equivalent: {\parindent=0.7cm\begin{itemize}\item[(1)] \(\varphi:G\longrightarrow\overline{\mathbb D}\) is analytic, \item[(2)] \(\varphi\) has a \(G\)-model, \item[(3)] \(\varphi\) has a \(G\)-model \((\mathcal M, T, u)\) in which \(T\) is unitary on \(\mathcal M\). \end{itemize}} A second model formula, using integration with respect to a spectral measure, is proved in Section 4. All the main results have analogues for operator-valued functions.