A conditional optimal upper bound for the argument of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line (Q2399701)

The author bounds the function \[ S(t) := \frac{1}{\pi}\arg \zeta(1/2+it)\qquad(t>0) \] by means of high derivatives of Hardy's function \[ Z(t) := \zeta(1/2+it)\chi^{-1/2}(1/2+it),\quad \zeta(s) = \chi(s)\zeta(1-s). \] The function \(S(t)\) is an important function in the theory of the Riemann zeta-function \(\zeta(s)\). It is classically known that \[ S(t) = O(\log t), \quad S(t) = O(\log t/\log\log t)\quad(RH), \leqno(1) \] where RH denotes the Riemann Hypothesis that all complex zeros \(\rho\) of \(\zeta(s) \) satisfy \(\Re (\rho) = /12\). There is also a conjecture that the true maximal order of \(S(t)\) is \[ S(t) = O\Bigl((\log t)^{1/2+o(1)}\Bigr)\qquad(t\to\infty),\leqno(2) \] which is much stronger than either of the bounds in (1). In this paper the author proves a strong form of (2), namely \[ S(t) = O\Bigl((\log t)^{1/2}\log\log\log t\Bigr). \] However, his proof is conditional: he assumes the RH, the simplicity of the zeros \(\rho\) (i.e., \(\zeta'(\rho)\ne0 \;\;\forall \rho\)), and further he assumes the following. There exists a sequence \(\{T_j\}\) and a positive constant \(c\) such that \[ T_{j+1}-T_j \asymp (\log T_j)^{-1/2},\; Z(T_j)\ne0, \;Z'(T_j) \gg \theta'(T_j)^{-c}\;\quad(j = 0,1,\ldots\,), \] and also \[ (-1)^{k+1}Z^{(2k-1}(T_j) \ge 0 \quad\left(k = 1,2, \ldots\,,\left[\frac14 \theta'(T_{j+1})\right], j = 0,1,\ldots\,\right). \] Here \[ \theta(t) = \arg \left(\pi^{-it/2}\Gamma\Bigl(\frac14+ \frac{it}{2}\Bigr)\right) = \frac{t}{2}\log\frac{t}{2\pi} - \frac{t}{2} - \frac{\pi}{8} + O\left(\frac{1}{t}\right). \]