Hyponormal quantization of planar domains. Exponential transform in dimension two (Q2399901)

In this monograph, the authors propose a programme based on hyponormal quantization to study mathematical aspects of two-dimensional shapes having a degree of grey shading. The book contains many new results of the authors. Particular attention is given to the zero sets of certain orthogonal polynomials and potential-theoretic skeletons (mother bodies). By a degree of grey function is meant a function \(g\in L^1(\mathbb{C})\) of compact support with \(0\leq g\leq 1\) almost everywhere. We may think of the support of the function as representing a shaded shape in the plane. The authors restrict attention to the case of black or white shading, that is, when \(g\) is the characteristic function of a bounded open set \(\Omega\), i.e., \(g=\chi_{\Omega}\). A bounded linear operator \(T\) on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space \(H\) is called \textit{hyponormal} if its commutator satisfies the positivity condition \[ [T^*,T]=T^*T-TT^*\geq 0. \] Some more familiar examples of hyponormal operators would be subnormal operators and singular integrals on the line having Cauchy-type kernels. The operator is said to have rank-one self-commutator if there exists a non-zero \(\xi\in H\) such that \[ [T^*,T]=\xi \otimes \xi. \] Given \(\Omega\), there will be an associated hyponormal operator \(T\) (the \textit{``quantization''}) on an appropriately defined Hilbert space that is related to \(g\) via a classical result of Pincus for irreducible hyponormal operators and functions \(g\) having compact support: \[ 1-\langle(T^*-\bar{w})^{-1}\xi, (T^*-\bar{z})^{-1}\xi\rangle =\exp\left(\frac{-1}{\pi}\int_\mathbb{C} \frac{g(\zeta)\,dA(\zeta)}{({\zeta}-{z})(\bar{\zeta}-\bar{w)}}\right). \] The function on the right hand side is called the exponential transform and is denoted by \[ E_g(z,w)=\exp\left(\frac{-1}{\pi}\int_\mathbb{C} \frac{g(\zeta)\,dA(\zeta)}{({\zeta}-{z})(\bar{\zeta}-\bar{w)}}\right). \] The function \(g\) is called the principal function of \(T\). As is the case with other sorts of quantizations, the spectral properties of \(T\) reveal important information about \(\Omega\). The spectrum coincides with \(\overline{\Omega}\), the essential spectrum with \(\partial\Omega\) (assuming no slits) and the Fredholm index at every \(\lambda\in\Omega\) equals one. Starting with \(\Omega\), the authors show how a Hilbert space \(\mathcal{H}(\Omega)\) may be constructed based on positivity properties of the exponential transform. This in turn permits construction of the operator \(T\). By means of finite central truncations of the hyponormal operator, the power of Hilbert space geometry methods are brought into the mix. A new class of complex orthogonal polynomials (the exponential orthogonal polynomials) are introduced and the clustering behaviour of their zero sets in relation to mother bodies is studied. A~number of detailed computational examples are given.