Shadowing and hyperbolicity (Q2399909)

Shadowing is a central concept in the contemporary global theory of dynamical systems with strong implications to both the theory itself and also to fields like numerical analysis. Roughly speaking, shadowing means that approximate solutions to a dynamical system (discrete or continuous in time) are ``shadowed'' by actual solutions in appropriate neighborhoods. This shadowing property dates back to the work of \textit{D.V. Anosov} [Qualitative methods of the theory of nonlinear oscillations; Volume 2, Works of the Fifth International Conference on Nonlinear Oscillations (Russian), pp.\ 39--45, Inst.\ Math.\ Akad.\ Wiss.\ Ukraine, Kiev, 1970] and \textit{R. Bowen} [Lecture Notes in Mathematics. 470. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag (1975; Zbl 0308.28010)]. This book is an interesting and recent addition to the existing monographs on the subject (see for example [\textit{S. Yu. Pilyugin}, Shadowing in dynamical systems. Berlin: Springer (1999; Zbl 0954.37014); \textit{K. Palmer}, Shadowing in dynamical systems. Theory and applications. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers (2000; Zbl 0997.37001)]). It discusses various forms of shadowing and the relations to classical concepts from structural stability such as transversality and hyperbolicity. A brief description of the four chapters is as follows. The basic notions of pseudotrajectories and various shadowing properties for discrete and continuous dynamical systems are introduced in Chapter 1. Moreover, the authors introduce the required shadowing concepts, as well as chain transitivity, hyperbolicity, \(\Omega\)-stability, and structural stability. Eventually, a result on finite Lipschitz shadowing in a neighborhood of a hyperbolic set concludes the chapter. Chapter 2 addresses several relations between shadowing and other notions. It is established that: (1)~The Lipschitz shadowing property of a diffeomorphism (resp., a vector field) implies structural stability. (2)~The Lipschitz periodic shadowing property of a diffeomorphism is equivalent to its \(\Omega\)-stability. (3)~A diffeomorphism with the Hölder shadowing property on finite intervals (plus some technical conditions) is structurally stable. Chapter 3 describes the \(C^1\)-interior of some families of dynamical systems with particular shadowing properties. In particular, it is proven that: (1)~the \(C^1\)-interior of diffeomorphisms with the standard shadowing property equals the set of structurally stable diffeomorphisms; (2)~the \(C^1\)-interior of vector fields with the oriented shadowing property (minus a special subset) is the set of structurally stable vector fields; (3)~the \(C^1\)-interior of vector fields with oriented shadowing property contains vector fields which are not structurally stable. Finally, Chapter 4 investigates the relations between the shadowing property of diffeomorphisms on their chain transitive sets and the hyperbolicity of such sets. The following main results are shown: (1) If \(\Lambda\) is a closed invariant subset for \(f\in\text{Diff}^1(M)\), then the restriction \(f|_\Lambda\) is chain transitive and \(C^1\)-stably shadowing in a neighborhood of \(\Lambda\), if and only if \(\Lambda\) is a hyperbolic basic set. (2) There exists a residual set \(\mathcal R\) in \(\text{Diff}^1(M)\) such that if \(f\in\mathcal R\) and \(\Lambda\) is a locally maximal chain transitive set for \(f\), then \(\Lambda\) is hyperbolic if and only if \(f|_\Lambda\) is shadowing. The book is clearly written and appropriate both for advanced graduate students in the area and for researchers working or being interested in the field. Moreover, it contains some interesting and otherwise hardly accessible facts such as Pliss's result that the Perron property is sufficient for transversality of the stable und unstable subspaces (Subsection 2.1). The monograph closes with 110 references and an index.