A note on some superintegrable Hamiltonian systems (Q2400269)

A classical Hamiltonian system in \({\mathbb{R}}^4\) is called second-order integrable if there exists a function \(F_1\), of second order in momenta, whose Poisson bracket with the Hamiltonian vanishes, i.e., \(\{H,F_1\}=0\). If there exist two functions \(F_1,F_2\) such that \(\{H,F_j\}=0\), \(j=1,2\), and \(H,F_1,F_2\) are functionally independent, the system is superintegrable. \textit{W. Szumiński} et al. [Phys. Lett., A 379, No. 45--46, 2970--2976 (2015; Zbl 1349.37058)] introduced a novel way of constructing some integrable and superintegrable systems using differential Galois theory. They showed that 8 special cases of the Hamiltonian \[ H=\frac12 r^{m-k}\left(p_r^2+ \frac{p^2_\phi}{r^2}\right)+r^mU(\phi), \] are superintegrable. In all cases these examples are defined in a flat space. The author of the present paper generalizes their examples and makes explicit the flat space Cartesian coordinates. He also gives the explicit flat space expressions for the functions \(F_j\) and the structure algebras relating the commutators and products. He shows that all cases correspond to one system with a 3-parameter potential and one system with a 1-parameter potential. All systems are separable in parabolic coordinates. In the constant curvature space a classification was given by \textit{E. G. Kalnins} et al. [J. Phys. A, Math. Gen. 34, No. 22, 4705--4720 (2001; Zbl 0993.70014)].