Existentially closed structures and some embedding theorems (Q2401668)

The author uses the notion of an existentially closed group (which is equivalent to the concept of algebraically closed group in the sense of \textit{W. R. Scott} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 2, 118--121 (1951; Zbl 0043.02302)]) to prove several embedding theorems and deduce the existence of some `monster-like' groups. Here are two typical results. If a class \(\mathfrak{X}\) of groups is closed under taking subgroups, HNN extensions, and unions of any chain of its elements, then every group \(G\in\mathfrak{X}\) embeds in a simple group \(G^*\in\mathfrak{X}\) of cardinality \(\max\{\aleph_0,|G|\}\) such that elements of the same order are conjugate in \(G^*\) (Theorem~2). There exists a countable non-abelian simple group \(M\) such that all finite subgroups of \(M\) are cyclic and \(M\) has an element of order \(p\) for every prime \(p\) (Theorem~4). Results of the same flavour are proved also for Lie algebras.