Hilbert curves of 3-dimensional scrolls over surfaces (Q2401912)

Let \(X\) be a smooth complex projective variety and \(L\) an ample line bundle on \(X\), \(K_X\) its canonical bundle. The Euler characteristic \(\chi(D)\) of any line bundle \(D=xK_X+yL\) can be expressed, via the Riemann-Roch Theorem, as a polynomial \(p(x,y)\) with coefficients depending on the Chern classes of \(X\). This polynomial defines a complex curve \(\Gamma\) in the affine plane, known as the Hilbert curve of \((X,L)\). Serre duality suggests to change the coordinates to be centered at \(c=(-1/2, 0)\) so that symmetry with respect to \(c\) becomes more apparent. The equation \(p(u+1/2,v)=0\) is the canonical equation of \(\Gamma\). This curve encodes some properties of the polarized variety \((X,L)\) especially in relation with fibrations introduced on \(X\) by adjoint bundles to \(L\). It is clear that numerical equivalent line bundles lead to the same Hibert curve but there exist non-numerical equivalent ones providing the same curve: a notion of \(HC\)-equivalence of line bundles appears. As a continuation of [\textit{A. Lanteri}, Int. J. Math. 25, No. 11, Article ID 1450101, 17 p. (2014; Zbl 1307.14009)] -- where the case of \(X\) a projective bundle over a smooth curve is studied -- the paper under review focus on the study of \(3\)-dimensional scrolls \(\pi: X \to Y\) over a smooth surface \(Y\). It is known that in this case the Hilbert curve \(\Gamma\) is the union of a line \(\ell\) and a conic \(G\). Equations for both are explicitely stated in this paper, see Prop. 2.1. The question that appears naturally is that of the existence of a surface \(S\) and a \(\mathbb{Q}\)-divisor \(\mathcal{M}\) on \(S\) whose Hilbert curve is \(G\). Some interesting examples are presented (see Examples 1--4) of the different possibilities: \(G\) cannot be any Hilbert curve, \(G\) is a Hilbert curve of a polarized surface, or of a \({\mathbb Q}\)-polarized one. The main result (see Theorem 4.4) consists of a characterization of the case in which \(G\) is the Hilbert curve of the base \(Y\) (with a particular polarization) in terms of the Bogomolov stability of the vector bundle \(\pi_*L\). To be precise (see Theorem 4.4): \((X,L)\) a scroll of dimension \(3\) over a smooth surface \(Y\), \(\pi:X \to Y\) the scroll projection. The conic \(G\) is the Hilbert curve of \((Y, \mathcal{L})\) (\(\mathcal{L}\) an ample \(\mathbb{Q}\)-line bundle \(HC\)-equivalent to half the determinant of \(\pi_*L\)) if and only if \(\pi_*L\) is properly Bogomolov semistable.