Local Langlands correspondence for \(\mathrm{GL}_n\) and the exterior and symmetric square \(\varepsilon\)-factors (Q2403208)

Consider \(F\) a finite extension of \(\mathbb Q_p\). The local Langlands correspondences have already some history. Essentially one attaches to every semisimple \(n\)-dimensional \(\rho\) of the Weil-Deligne group, an irreducible admissible representation \(\pi(\rho)\) of \(\mathrm{GL}_n(F)\), where the local \(L\)- and \(\varepsilon\)-factors are preserved. The authors of this paper prove the equality between the \(\varepsilon\)-factors for the local symmetric square and the exterior square representations. More precisely, the main result of the paper is the following theorem. Theorem. Let \(\Lambda^2\) and Sym\(^2\) denote the exterior and symetric square representations of \(\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb C)\), respectively. Let \(\varepsilon(s,\pi, \mathrm{Sym}^2)\) and \(\varepsilon(s,\pi, \Lambda^2)\) be the \(\varepsilon\)-factors attached to \(\pi\), \(\mathrm{Sym}^2\), and \(\Lambda^2\). Let \(\varepsilon(s,\rho(\pi), \mathrm{Sym}^2)\) and \(\varepsilon(s,\rho(\pi), \Lambda^2)\) be the corresponding Artin factors. Then \begin{itemize} \item \(\varepsilon(s,\rho(\pi), \Lambda^2) = \varepsilon(s,\pi, \Lambda^2)\) and \item \(\varepsilon(s,\rho(\pi), \mathrm{Sym}^2) = \varepsilon(s,\pi, \mathrm{Sym}^2)\). \end{itemize} This result in positive characteristic is already a theorem of \textit{G. Henniart} and \textit{L. Lomelí} [Am. J. Math. 133, No. 1, 187--196 (2011; Zbl 1219.11076)]. Likewise, the equality between the \(L\)-factors was proven by \textit{G. Henniart} in [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2010, No. 4, 633--673 (2010; Zbl 1184.22009)]. The strategy of the authors is to make a series of reductions. First, they prove that the local \(\varepsilon\)-factors are additive. Next, they establish the stability of the local factors under highly ramified twists. Then, they embed each local factor into a global function and then they use the functional equation on both sides. It is possible to consider only the case where \(\rho\) is an irreducible representation of the Weil-Deligne group, which implies that the corresponding representation \(\pi(\rho)\) is supercuspidal, and in this context the equality is proved. For some analytical computations the authors deal with \(\gamma\)-factors, which are closely related to the \(\varepsilon\)-factors and sometimes are more convenient. More precisely, they prove that for any two irreducible supercuspidal representations of \(\mathrm{GL}_n(F)\) with the same central character, the \(\gamma\)-factors are the same for these two representations when they are twisted by highly ramified characters \(\chi\) of \(F^\times\). The proof of this fact is inductive on the dimension of the representation \(\rho\). They prove the equality for an specific base point and its twists, which is done again by globalization, global functional equation and additivity. Next, they use a delicate deformation argument to obtain a stable equality. The stability of the \(\gamma\)-factors is studied analyzing the asymptotics of Bessel functions or Shalika germs for orbital integrals, where they proceed Bruhat cell by Bruhat cell. After this, another globalization is used to proved the equality of local factors first for monomial representations. Then the authors use an argument of \textit{G. Henniart} [Invent. Math. 139, No. 2, 439--455 (2000; Zbl 1048.11092)] and additivity to obtain the equality in general.