Character triples and Shoda pairs (Q2404955)

Let \(G\) be a finite group. The group \(G\) is called monomial (normally monomial or subnormally monomial) if every complex irreducible character of \(G\) is induced by a linear character of a subgroup (of normal subgroup or of subnormal subgroup, respectively). Let \(\mathcal C\) be the class of all finite groups \(G\) such that all the subgroups and quotient groups of \(G\) are either abelian or they contain non central abelian normal subgroups. \textit{B. Huppert} [Character theory of finite groups. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter (1998; Zbl 0932.20007)] proved, that the class \(\mathcal C\) contains the class of the monomial groups. \textit{G.-A. How} [Chin. J. Math. 12, 115--120 (1984; Zbl 0562.20009)] gave an important criterion when a group is subnormally monomial group. Using this criterion the authors show in Section 2 that the class \(\mathcal C\) also contains all subnormally monomial groups and, in particular, normally monomial groups. The book of \textit{C. W. Curtis} and \textit{I. Reiner} [Representation theory of finite groups and associative algebras. New York-London: Interscience Publishers, a division of John Wiley \& Sons (1962; Zbl 0131.25601)] gives a criterion whether a monomial representation of a finite group \(G\) is irreducible or not. \textit{A. Olivieri} et al. [Commun. Algebra 32, No. 4, 1531--1550 (2004; Zbl 1081.20001)] formulated Shoda's theorem by the following way: \noindent Let \(\chi\) be a linear character of a subgroup \(H\) of \(G\) and ker \(\chi =K\). Then the induced character \({\chi}^G\) is irreducible if and only if the following hold: (i) the quotient group \(H/K\) is cyclic and (ii) if \(g\in G\) and \([H, g] \cap H \subseteq K\), then \(g\in H\). If \(H\) is a subgroup of \(G\) and \(K\) is a normal subgroup of \(H\), then the pair \((H, K)\), satisfying (i) and (ii) is called a Shoda pair of \(G\). For this pair the authors define \[ \hat H=(1/| H |) \sum_{h\in H} h, \] \[ \varepsilon(H,K)=\begin{cases} \hat{K}, & \text{ if } H=K;\\ \prod (\hat K - \hat L), & \text{otherwise}, \end{cases} \] \noindent where \(L\) runs over the normal subgroups of \(H\) minimal with respect to the property of including \(K\) properly. Let \(\varepsilon(G,H,K)\) be the sum of all the distinct \(G\)-conjugates of \(\varepsilon(H,K)\). There is a rational number \(\alpha\), necessarily unique [\textit{A. Olivieri} et al., Commun. Algebra 32, No. 4, 1531--1550 (2004; Zbl 1081.20001)] such that \(\alpha e(G, H, K)\) is a primitive central idempotent of the rational group algebra \(\mathbb Q G\), called the primitive central idempotent of \(\mathbb Q G\) realized by the Shoda pair \((H, K)\). Using [\textit{I. M. Isaacs}, Character theory of finite groups. New York-San Francisco-London: Academic Press (1976; Zbl 0337.20005)], the authors define \(N\)-linear character triples of \(G\) for a normal subgroup \(N\) of \(G\). In view of Clifford's correspondence theorem (Theorem 6.11 of the above monograph), they define in Section 3 direct Clifford correspondents of each \(N\)-linear character triple of \(G\). In Section 4, a construction of Shoda pairs of groups in \(\mathcal C\) is given. If \(N\) is a normal subgroup of \(G\), the authors construct a rooted directed tree \(\mathcal G_N\), whose particular leaves correspond to Shoda pairs of \(G\), if \(G \in \mathcal C\) (Theorem 2). When \((H,K)\) is a Shoda pair of \(G\) corresponding to a leaf of \(\mathcal G_N\), then the authors give in Section 5 a new character free expression of \(\alpha e(G, H, K)\). As a corollary, they give a necessary and sufficient condition for \(e(G, H, K)\) to be a primitive central idempotent of \(\mathbb Q G\). When \(G\in \mathcal C\), then the authors generalize Proposition 3.4 of [\textit{A. Olivieri} et al., Commun. Algebra 32, No. 4, 1531--1550 (2004; Zbl 1081.20001)] in Section 6 and they study the structure of the simple components of \(\mathbb Q G\). In Section 7, some examples are given.