Topological properties of self-similar fractals with one parameter (Q2405377)

The authors consider iterated function systems in \(\mathbb{R}^2\) defined by a diagonal matrix \(A = \text{diag}(p,p)\), where \(p\in \mathbb{Z}\) is given by \(|p| = 2m+1\), \(n\in \mathbb{N}\), and a finite digit set \(\mathcal{D} = \{d_1, \ldots, d_N\}\subset \mathbb{R}^2\) for \(1<N\in \mathbb{N}\). Three main results are established: {Theorem 1}: For a given \(\epsilon \in \mathbb{R}\), let \(T_\epsilon\) be the self-similar set generated by the IFS \(\{A^{-1}(\cdot + d_j^\epsilon)\}_{j=1}^N\), where the digit sets \(\mathcal{D}_\epsilon = \{d_j^\epsilon\}_{j=1}^N\) has the form \[ \mathcal{D}_\epsilon : = \left\{\begin{bmatrix} i+b_j \\ j\end{bmatrix} : b_j = \frac{1 - (-1)^j}{2}\,\epsilon, \,i,j\in \{0, \pm 1, \ldots, \pm m\}\right\}. \] Then \(T_\epsilon\) is a self-similar tile and {\parindent=6mm\begin{itemize}\item[1.] if \(|\epsilon| < |p|\) then \(T_\epsilon\) is a topological disk; \item[2.] if \(|p|^n \leq |\epsilon|^n < |p|^{n+1}\) for \(n\geq 1\), then the interior of \(T_\epsilon\) consists of \(|p|^n\) components and the closure of each of these components is a topological disk. \end{itemize}} {Theorem 2}: Using the same setup as in Theorem 1, the set \(T_\epsilon + \mathcal{D}_{\epsilon, \infty}\) is a quasi-periodic tiling of \(\mathbb{R}^2\) iff \(\epsilon\in \mathbb{Q}\). {Theorem 3}: Let \(p\in \mathbb{Z}\) with \(|p| > 2\) and \(\epsilon \in \mathbb{R}\). Suppose \(T_\epsilon\) be the self-similar set generated by the IFS \(\{A^{-1}(\cdot + d_j^\epsilon)\}_{j=1}^N\), where the digit sets \(\mathcal{D}_\epsilon = \{d_j^\epsilon\}_{j=1}^N\) has the form \[ \mathcal{D}_\epsilon : = \left\{\begin{bmatrix} i+a_{ij} \\ j+a_{ij} \end{bmatrix} : a_{ij} = \delta_{ij}\epsilon, \,i,j\in \{0, 1, \ldots, |p|-1\}\right\}, \] where \(\delta_{ij}\) denotes the Kronecker delta. Then \(T_\epsilon\) is connected iff \(|\epsilon| \leq \frac{(|p|-1)^2}{|p|-2}\).