Surgery on Herman rings of the standard Blaschke family (Q2409067)

Consider a two-parameter family of Blaschke products of degree \(2d+1\) given by \[ B_{\alpha,a}(z) = e^{2\pi i\alpha} z^{d+1} \left( \frac{z-a}{1-az} \right)^d, \] where \(d\geq1\), \(\alpha\in (0,1)\) and \(a\geq 0\). Since any Blaschke product leaves the unit circle invariant, it is natural to view the action of \(B_{\alpha,a}|_{S^1}\) as a circle map. Among the most studied examples of circle maps are those coming from the standard family \[ f_{\alpha, \beta}(x) = x+2\pi \alpha+\beta \sin(x), ~~\alpha\in [0,1),~\beta\in (0,1). \] One of the main results found in [\textit{N. Fagella} and \textit{L. Geyer}, Ergodic Th. Dynam. Syst. 23, No. 2, 493--508 (2003; Zbl 1140.37329)], states that the set of parameters \((\alpha,\beta)\) for which the circle map \(f_{\alpha,\beta}\) has a Brjuno rotation number \(\theta\) is in fact a real-analytic arc, and for each point in this arc, \(f_{\alpha,\beta}\) is analytically linearisable. The author shows that essentially the same result holds for the family of Blaschke products: let \(T_d(\theta)\) denote the set of parameter values \((\alpha, a)\) for which \(B_{\alpha,a}|_{S^1}\) has rotation number \(\theta\). It is shown that whenever \(\theta\) is a Brjuno number, \(B_{\alpha,a}\) has a Herman ring symmetric with respect to \(S^1\) and \(T_d(\theta)\) is an analytic curve parametrised by the modulus of the ring. Under the parametrisation \(s\mapsto (\alpha(s), a(s))\), it is also shown that \(s\mapsto a(s)\) is strictly increasing and bounded below by a number \(M(\theta)\geq 2d+1\). A second result (similar in spirit to what was proved by Fagella and Geyer for the standard family) is as follows: for a certain set of Brjuno numbers not satisfying Yoccoz's condition \(\mathcal H\), the bound \(M(\theta)\) is strictly larger than \(2d+1\) and the level set \(T_d(\theta)\) consists of parameters whose associated Blaschke product has a Herman ring with two quasicircles as boundary components; these quasicircles are disjoint from the set of critical points. The proofs are based on standard techniques of quasiconformal surgery, Herman's and Yoccoz's results for circle maps and a characterisation of Blaschke products associated to the family \(B_{\alpha,a}\).