How rigid the finite ultrametric spaces can be? (Q2409470)

Let \((X,d)\) be a finite ultrametric space with \(|X|\geq 2\). We say that \((X,d)\) has \textit{maximal rigidness}, if \(\min\{|\text{Fix}(g)|: g\in \text{Iso}(X)\}=|X|-2\). The following is the main result in this paper. Theorem 1. Let \((X,d)\) be a finite ultrametric space with \(n:=|X|\geq 2\). Then, the following assertions are equivalent: i)\ \((X,d)\) has maximal rigidness ii)\ \(|\text{Iso}(X)|=2\) iii)\ the rooted tree \(T_X\) is strictly binary with exactly one inner node at each level, except the last level. iv)\ the graph \((G,\omega_d)\) has a Hamiltonian path \(P=(x_1,\ldots,x_n)\), with \(\omega_d(\{x_k,x_{k+1}\})> \omega_d(\{x_{k+1},x_{k+2}\})\) for all \(k\in \{1,\ldots,n-2\}\) v)\ the graph \((G,\omega_d)\) has a spanning star \(S\) with \(E(S)=\{\{y_0,y_1\},\ldots,\{y_0,y_{n-1}\}\}\), such that \(\omega_d(\{y_0,y_i\})\neq \omega_d(\{y_0,y_j\})\) for distinct \(i,j\in \{1,\ldots,n-1\}\). Further aspects occasioned by these developments are also discussed.