On \(p\)-adic absolute Hodge cohomology and syntomic coefficients. I. (Q2412931)

Summary: We interpret syntomic cohomology defined in [\textit{J. Nekovář} and the second author, Algebra Number Theory 10, No. 8, 1695--1790 (2016; Zbl 1375.14081)] as a \(p\)-adic absolute Hodge cohomology. This is analogous to the interpretation of Deligne-Beilinson cohomology as an absolute Hodge cohomology by \textit{A. A. Beilinson} [Contemp. Math. 55, 35--68 (1986; Zbl 0621.14011)] and generalizes the results of \textit{K. Bannai} [Math. Z. 242, No. 3, 443--480 (2002; Zbl 1053.14018)] and \textit{B. Chiarellotto} et al. [Algebra Number Theory 7, No. 3, 533--566 (2013; Zbl 1330.14030)] in the good reduction case. This interpretation yields a simple construction of the syntomic descent spectral sequence and its degeneration for projective and smooth varieties. We introduce syntomic coefficients and show that in dimension zero they form a full triangulated subcategory of the derived category of potentially semistable Galois representations. Along the way, we obtain \(p\)-adic realizations of mixed motives including \(p\)-adic comparison isomorphisms. We apply this to the motivic fundamental group generalizing results of \textit{M. C. Olsson} [Towards non-Abelian \(p\)-adic Hodge theory in the good reduction case. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (2011; Zbl 1213.14002)] and \textit{V. Vologodsky} [Mosc. Math. J. 3, No. 1, 205--247 (2003; Zbl 1050.14013)].