Semi-invariants of gentle algebras by deformation method and sphericity (Q2414545)

Let \(Q=(Q_0,Q_1)\) be a quiver, and for an algebraically closed field \(\mathbf{k}\) we let \(\mathbf{k}Q\) denote its quiver algebra. Furthermore, let \(\mathbf{k}Q_1\) be the two-sided ideal of \(\mathbf{k}Q\) generated by the arrows of \(Q\), and let \(I\) be an ideal contained in \(\mathbf{k}Q_1^2\). If (1) each vertex of \(Q\) is the head for at most two arrows and the tail for at most two arrows; (b) \(I\) is generated by paths of length 2; (3a) if each \(\varphi\in Q_1\) has for a head the tail for two other arrows \(\psi_1,\psi_2\), then exactly one of \(\varphi \psi_1,\varphi\psi_2\in I\); and (3b) if each \(\varphi\)'s tail is the head for two other arrows \(\psi_1,\psi_2\), then exactly one of \(\psi_1\varphi,\psi_2\varphi\in I\), then the quotient \(\mathbf{k}Q/I\) is called a gentle algebra. One can obtain a gentle algebra by imposing an arrow coloring on \(Q\) (i.e., a function \(c:Q_1\to S\) where \(S\) is some finite set) and letting \(I=I_c\) be the ideal of \(\mathbf{k}Q\) generated by all paths of length two which are colored with a single color. The purpose of the work under review is a description of some semi-invariants of \(\mathbf{k}Q/I_c\). For \(\alpha:Q_0\to\mathbb{Z}^+\) a dimension vector we let \(R(Q,I_c,\alpha)\) be the set of all dimension \(\alpha\) representations of \(Q\) whose induced representation of \(\mathbf{k}Q\) vanishes on \(I_c\). This closed affine variety is acted upon by \(\mathrm{GL}(\alpha)\), the product of \(\mathrm{GL}_{\alpha(i)}\) for each vertex \(i\), and its orbits are the isomorphism classes of representations. If \(R(Q,I_c,\alpha,r)\) is an irreducible component of \(R(Q,I_c,\alpha)\), where \(r:Q_1\to \mathbb{Z}^+\) is a rank vector, then \(R(Q,I_c,\alpha,r)\) is called a rank gentle variety, and the algebra of semi-invariants is defined to be the algebra \(\mathbf{k}[R(Q,I_c,\alpha,r)]^{\mathrm{SL}(\alpha)}\). A group \(G\) constructed from unicolored paths acts natrurally on \(R(Q,I_c,\alpha,r)\) in such a way as to allow for a natural embedding of \(\mathrm{GL}(\alpha)\) into it. The main result shows that \(\mathbf{k}[R(Q,I_c,\alpha,r)]^{I(\Gamma(G/\mathrm{SL}(\alpha)))}\) is isomorphic to \(\mathbf{k}[\Lambda( R(Q,I_c,\alpha,r),G,\mathrm{SL}(\alpha))]\), where \(\Lambda( R(Q,I_c,\alpha,r),G,\mathrm{SL}(\alpha))\) is the semigroup of highest weights of simple \(G\)-modules in \(\mathbf{k}[\Lambda( R(Q,I_c,\alpha,r)\) containing \(\mathrm{SL}(\alpha)\) invariants, and \(I(\Gamma(G/\mathrm{SL}(\alpha)))\) is the horospherical contraction of \(\mathrm{SL}(\alpha)\) in \(G\). This result is then used to compute generators and relations for \(\mathbf{k}[R(Q,I_c,\alpha,r)]^{I(\Gamma(G/\mathrm{SL}(\alpha)))}\).