Complex manifolds as families of homotopy algebras (Q2414662)

\textit{A. Newlander} and \textit{L. Nirenberg} [Ann. Math. (2) 65, 391--404 (1957; Zbl 0079.16102)] proved that the structure of a complex manifold on a given smooth manifold is equivalent to the data of an integrable endomorphism $J : TM \to TM$ satisfying $J^2 = - \text{id}$. In the paper under review, the author describes another description of a complex structure using operadic theory and homological algebra. This should in principle allow to use tools from homological algebra (such as the homotopy transfer theorem) in order to study complex manifolds. \par The author introduces an operad, $\mathrm{Cx}$, whose algebras (``representations'') are given by vector spaces equipped with an endomorphism $J$ squaring to $-\text{id}$ and a Lie bracket of degree $1$ (analogous to the Frölicher-Nijenhuis bracket) which satisfy a compatibility relation. The author proves that this operad is Koszul, which means that it has a canonical resolution $\mathrm{Cx}_\infty$ whose algebras are called ``homotopy $\mathrm{Cx}$-algebras''. The first main theorem of the paper states that the data of a homotopy $\mathrm{Cx}$-algebra structure on $V = \mathbb{R}^m$ is equivalent to the data of a complex structure on the formal pointed manifold $(\{0\}, S^c(V)^*)$ (which can be seen as the algebra of formal power series in a coordinate patch around $0 \in \mathbb{R}^m$). Moreover, the data of an $\infty$-morphism between two such homotopy $\mathrm{Cx}$-algebras is equivalent to the data of a morphism between two such complex formal pointed manifolds. \par In a second part, the author globalizes this result. Given a smooth manifold $M$, the author proves that a complex structure on $M$ is equivalent to the data of a flat section of a certain fiber bundle with connections $E_{cx}(M) \to M$. This fiber bundle is roughly speaking obtained by patching together homotopy $\mathrm{Cx}$-algebra structures around each point of $M$, so that a section of this fiber bundle is roughly speaking a family of homotopy $\mathrm{Cx}$-algebras around each point of $M$. Moreover, given two manifolds $M,N$, the author shows that a holomorphic map $M \to N$ is equivalent to a flat section of a fiber bundle with connection $F_{cx}(M,N) \to M$, obtained by patching together families of $\infty$-morphisms of homotopy $\mathrm{Cx}$-algebras.