Relative \(\mathbb Q\)-gradings from bordered Floer theory (Q2414691)

Heegaard Floer homology is an invariant for a closed connected oriented three-manifold equipped with a spin\(^c\) structure, and is defined as Lagrangian intersection Floer homology groups of certain Lagrangians in a symmetric product of a Riemann surface and as such is most naturally only relatively cyclicly graded. The Heegaard Floer homology of a three-manifold equipped with the spin\(^c\) structure \(\mathfrak{s}\) is graded by the group \(\mathbb{Z}/\mathrm{div}(c_1(\mathfrak{s}))\), where \(\mathrm{div}(c_1(\mathfrak{s}))\) denotes the divisibility of the first Chern class \(c_1(\mathfrak{s}))\) of the spin\(^c\) structure\(\mathfrak{s}\). In particular, if the first Cherm class of \(\mathfrak{s}\) is torsion, then the corresponding Heegaard Floer homology is relatively \(\mathbb{Z}\)-graded. With the help of the functoriality properties of Heegaard Floer homology, the relative \(\mathbb{Z}\)-grading on Heegaard Floer homology can be lifted to an absolute \(\mathbb{Q}\)-grading when the underlying spin\(^c\) structure is torsion. The absolute \(\mathbb{Q}\)-grading on \(\widehat{HF}(Y,\mathfrak{s})\) is defined as follows. If a spin\(^c\) cobordism \((W^4,\mathfrak{t})\) from \((S^3,\mathfrak{s}_0)\) to \((Y,\mathfrak{s})\) is chosen with the associated map \(\widehat{F}_{W,\mathfrak{s}}:\widehat{HF}(S^3,\mathfrak{s}_0)\to\widehat{HF}(Y,\mathfrak{s})\), then the absolute grading on \(\widehat{HF}(Y,\mathfrak{s})\) is characterized by the property that the generator of \(\widehat{HF}(S^3)\cong\mathbb{Z}\) lies in degree \(0\) and the map \(F\) has degree \(\frac14(c_1(t)^2-2\chi(W)-3\sigma(W))\). The relative \(\mathbb{Q}\)-grading is reformulated as follows. If \(\mathbf{x}\) and \(\mathbf{y}\) are generators for \(\widehat{CF}(Y)\), computed via some pointed Heegaard diagram \(\mathcal{H}=(\Sigma,\boldsymbol{\alpha},\boldsymbol{\beta},z)\), so that \(c_1(\mathfrak{s}(\mathbf{x}))\) and \(c_1(\mathfrak{s}(\mathbf{y}))\) are torsions, then there is a finite-order covering space \(p:\widetilde Y\to Y\) such that \(p^{-1}\mathfrak{s}(\mathbf{x})=p^{-1}\mathfrak{s}(\mathbf{y})\). The Heegaard diagram \(\mathcal{H}\) for \(Y\) lifts to a Heegaard diagram \(\widehat{\mathcal{H}}\) for \(\widehat Y\). The generators \(\mathbf{x}\) and \(\mathbf{y}\) have preimages \(p^{-1}(\mathbf{x})\) and \(p^{-1}(\mathbf{y})\) in \(\widehat{\mathcal{H}}\), so that \(\mathfrak{s}(p^{-1}(\mathbf{x}))=p^*\mathfrak{s}(\mathbf{x})\) and \(\mathfrak{s}(p^{-1}(\mathbf{y}))=p^*\mathfrak{s}(\mathbf{y})\). Thus, \(p^{-1}(\mathbf{x})\) and \(p^{-1}(\mathbf{y})\) have a well-defined \(\mathbb{Z}\)-grading difference. Then \(\mathrm{gr}_{\mathbb{Q}}(\mathbf{y})-\mathrm{gr}_{\mathbb{Q}}(\mathbf{x})=(1/n)\mathrm{gr}_{\mathbb{Z}}(p^{-1}(\mathbf{x}),p^{-1}(\mathbf{y}))\), where \(n\) is the order of the cover \(\widehat Y\to Y\). Bordered Floer theory assigns to a connected oriented surface \(F=F(\mathcal{Z})\) represented by a pointed matched circle \(\mathcal{Z}\) a \(\mathsf{dg}\) algebra \(\mathcal{A}=\mathcal{A(Z)}\). With a connected oriented 3-manifold \(Y\) with boundary parametrized by \(F(\mathcal{Z})\) it associates invariants \(\widehat{CFA}(Y)_{\mathcal{A(Z)}}\), a right \(\mathcal{A}_\infty\)-module over \(\mathcal{A(Z)}\), and \({}^{\mathcal{A(-Z)}}\widehat{CFD}(Y)\), a left projective \(\mathsf{dg}\) module over \(\mathcal{A(-Z)}\). \par In this paper, the authors show how to use bordered Floer homology to compute the relative \(\mathbb{Q}\)-grading between different torsion spin\(^c\) structures, by decomposing a 3-manifold along a connected surface. They prove that if \(Y\) is a closed 3-manifold decomposed along a connected surface as \(Y=Y_1\cup_F Y_2\), \(\mathcal{H}=\mathcal{H}_1\cup_{\mathcal{Z}}\mathcal{H}_2\) is the corresponding decomposition of a Heegaard diagram for \(Y\), \(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y}\in\mathfrak{S}(\mathcal{H})\) are such that \(\mathfrak{s}(\mathbf{x})\) and \(\mathfrak{s}(\mathbf{y})\) are torsion and \(\mathfrak{s}(\mathbf{x})\vert_{Y_i}=\mathfrak{s}(\mathbf{y})\vert_{Y_i}=\mathfrak{s}_i\), and \(\mathbf{x}=\Phi(\mathbf{x}_1\otimes\mathbf{x}_2)\) and \(\mathbf{y}=\Phi(\mathbf{y}_1\otimes\mathbf{y}_2)\), where \(\mathbf{x}_i\) and \(\mathbf{y}_i\) are in \(\mathfrak{S}(\mathcal{H}_i)\), then (i)\, the generators \(\mathrm{gr}'_{\mathbb{Q}}(\mathbf{x}_1)\times_{G'_{\mathbb{Q}}}\mathrm{gr}'_{\mathbb{Q}}(\mathbf{x}_2)\) and \(\mathrm{gr}'_{\mathbb{Q}}(\mathbf{y}_1)\times_{G'_{\mathbb{Q}}}\mathrm{gr}'_{\mathbb{Q}}(\mathbf{y}_2)\) lie in the \(\mathbb{Q}\)-orbit of \(G'_{A,\mathbb{Q}}(\mathcal{H}_1,\mathfrak{s}_1)\times_{G'_{\mathbb{Q}}}G'_{D,\mathbb{Q}}(\mathcal{H}_2,\mathfrak{s}_2)\), and (ii)\, \(\mathrm{gr}'_{\mathbb{Q}}(\mathbf{y}_1)\times_{G'_{\mathbb{Q}}}\mathrm{gr}'_{\mathbb{Q}}(\mathbf{y}_2)=\lambda^{\mathrm{gr}_{\mathbb{Q}}(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y})}\mathrm{gr}'_{\mathbb{Q}}(\mathbf{x}_1)\times_{G'_{\mathbb{Q}}}\mathrm{gr}'_{\mathbb{Q}}(\mathbf{x}_2)\).