Critical edge behavior in the perturbed Laguerre unitary ensemble and the Painlevé V transcendent (Q2414841)

In this paper, the authors study the double scaling limit of the kernel related to the singular perturbed Laguerre unitary ensemble, defined by the weight function \[ w(x, t)=(x+t)^\lambda\,x^\alpha\,e^{-x},\qquad x \geq 0,\quad t > 0,\quad \alpha > 0,\quad \alpha+\lambda+1 > 0. \] In particular, utilizing Deift-Zhou nonlinear steepest descent method, they investigate the double scaling limit \(s=4\,n\,t, n\rightarrow \infty,\, t \rightarrow 0\) such that \(s\) is a positive and finite. The authors prove that under this limit the kernel is expressed in terms of the \(\varphi\)-function, which involves a particular Painlevé V equation. They also show that for \(s \rightarrow 0^+\) (resp. \(s\rightarrow \infty\)) the pointed kernel degenerates to the Bessel kernel \(J_{\alpha+\lambda}\) (resp. to \(J_\alpha\)). It turns out that at the soft edge ''the limiting kernel reads as the Airy kernel''.