Effects of localized spatial variations on the uniform persistence and spreading speeds of time periodic two species competition systems (Q2415175)

In the present paper, the authors explore the effects of localized spatial variations of the coefficients on the asymptotic dynamics of the following two species competition system in the form \[ \begin{aligned} {{u}_{t}}(t,x) &= Au+u({{a}_{1}}(t,x)-{{b}_{1}}(t,x)u-{{c}_{1}}(t,x)v),\\ {{v}_{t}}(t,x) &= Av+v({{a}_{2}}(t,x)-{{b}_{2}}(t,x)u-{{c}_{2}}(t,x)v), \end{aligned} \] where $(t,x)\in {{\mathbb{R}}^{2}}$, $Au(t,x)={{u}_{xx}}(t,x)$ or $Au(t,x)=\int_{\mathbb{R}}{k(y-x)u(t,y)dy-u(t,x)}$, $(k)$ is a smooth non-negative convolution kernel supported on an interval centered at the origin) and the functions ${{a}_{i}},{{b}_{i}},{{c}_{i}}$, $i=1,2$ are periodic in $t$ with period $T>0$ and are spatially homogeneous when $|x|\gg 1$, i.e. they depend not from $x$ when $|x|\gg 1$. The authors point of view is that this system can be viewed as a time periodic competition system subject to certain localized spatial variations. One of the main goals of the article is to study the effects of localized spatial variations on the uniform persistence and spreading speeds of the system. It is proved that any localized spatial variation does not affect the uniform persistence of the system, does not slow down the spreading speeds of the system, and under some linear determinant condition, does not speed up the spreading speeds. In additional it is proved that the spreading speeds of such systems are lower semi continuous with respect to time periodic perturbations.