The Weyl law for the phase transition spectrum and density of limit interfaces (Q2416538)

The authors are interested in understanding the limit behavior of solutions to the elliptic Allen-Cahn equation on a closed, orientable, Riemannian manifold $M^{n+1}$, $n+1\geq 3$. Namely, they look at $u:M\to\mathbb R$ with \[ -\varepsilon\Delta u+\frac{W'(u)}{\varepsilon}=0, \] on the limit when $\varepsilon$ goes to zero, where $W$ is a double-well potential, e.g., $W(u)=(1-u^2)^2/4$. Its solutions are known to be related to critical points of the area functional, where minimizers of the associated energy functional \[ E_{\varepsilon}(u)=\int_M\varepsilon\frac{\vert\nabla u\vert^2}{2} +\frac{W(u)}{\varepsilon},\quad u\in W^{1,2}(M), \] are shown to converge to minimizers of the area functional. In this paper, they prove a Weyl law for the phase transition spectrum related to the above equation based on the techniques of Liokumovich-Marques-Neves. As an application they give phase transition adaptations of the proofs of the density and equidistribution of minimal hypersufaces for generic metrics by Irie-Marques-Neves and Marques-Neves-Song, respectively. They also prove the density of separating limit interfaces for generic metrics in dimension $3$, based on the recent work of Chodosh-Mantoulidis, and for generic metrics on manifolds containing only separating minimal hypersurfaces, e.g., $H_n(M,\mathbb Z_2)=0$, for $4\leq n+1\leq 7$. These provide alternative proofs of Yau's conjecture on the existence of infinitely many minimal hypersurfaces for generic metrics on each setting, using the Allen-Cahn approach.