Smooth and rough positive currents (Q2416569)

This paper deals with semipositivity notions for classes of (1,1)-forms on compact complex surfaces, extending more classical notions for holomorphic line bundles. In general, given a complex compact manifold \(X\) one can consider a closed real (1,1) form \(\alpha\) and its class \([\alpha]\) in the Bott-Chern cohomology group \(H_{BC}^{1,1}(X,\mathbb R)\). In particular, it is known that the following implications hold: \(\alpha\) semiample \(\Rightarrow\) \(\alpha\) semipositive \(\Rightarrow\) \(\alpha\) nef \(\Rightarrow\) \(\alpha\) pseudoeffective. The first result of the paper is Theorem 1.3: If \(X\) is a compact Kähler surface, \([\alpha]\) a nef (1,1) class such that for some \(\lambda>0\) the class \(\lambda[\alpha]-c_1(K_X)\) is nef and big, then \([\alpha]\) is semiample. Secondly, the authors provide two examples of nef classes on \(K3\) surfaces which are not semipositive. For this they make use of holomorphic dynamics. Recall that an automorphism of a \(K3\) surface \(X\) is said to be hyperbolic if its action on \(H^{1,1}(X,\mathbb R)\) has some eigenvalue \(\lambda\) of norm greater than 1. The results of [\textit{S. Cantat}, Acta Math. 187, No. 1, 1--57 (2001; Zbl 1045.37007)] show that the eigenclasses relative to \(\lambda^{\pm 1}\) are rigid, i.e. each of them contains a unique closed positive real current \(\eta_{\pm}\). These are used to construct nef classes which are not semipositive in the following settings: Example 1: \(X\) is a (necessarily not projective) \(K3\) surface with Siegel disc (see [\textit{C. T. McMullen}, J. Reine Angew. Math., 545, 201--233 (2002; Zbl 1054.37026)]). In this case either \(\eta_+\) or \(\eta_-\) is not smooth away a proper analytic subset. Example 2: the generic hypersurface of degree (2,2,2) in \(\mathbb P^1 \times \mathbb P^1 \times \mathbb P^1\). In this case \(X\) is not a Kummer example and the currents \(\eta_{\pm}\) are not smooth at any point of the support of the measure of maximal entropy \(\mu = \eta_+ \wedge \eta_-\). On \(X\) there are \(\mathbb R\) divisors \(D_{\pm}\) with \(c_1(D_{\pm})=\eta_{\pm}\), which are nef and not hermitian semipositive.