On the dependence of the norm of a multiply monotone function on the norms of its derivatives (Q2417347)

For $G$ denoting either the real line $\mathbb{R}=(-\infty,\infty)$ or the nonpositive semiaxis $\mathbb{R}_{-}=(-\infty,0]$, let $L_{\infty}(G)$ be the space of all measurable essentially bounded functions $x: G\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ with ordinary norm $\|\cdot\|_{L_{\infty}(G)}$, and let $L_{\infty}^{r}(G)$ be the space of all functions $x: G\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ with locally absolutely continuous derivatives of order $r-1$, where $r\in \mathbb{N}$ and when $G=\mathbb{R}_{-}$ the one-sided derivative at 0 is considered. This note provides a solution for the following special case of an extremal problem originally posed by Kolmogorov in [\textit{A. N. Kolmogorov}, (Russian). Moskva: ''Nauka''. 252--263 (1985; Zbl 0566.01012)]: Consider the class of $r-2$-monotone functions $L_{\infty,\infty}^{r,r-2}(\mathbb{R}_{-})\subset L_{\infty}^{r}(\mathbb{R}_{-})\cap L_{\infty}(\mathbb{R}_{-})$ and a given system of positive numbers $M_{k_{1}}, M_{k_{2}}, M_{k_{3}}, M_{k_{4}}$ such that $0=k_{1} \leq k_{2}<k_{3} \leq r-3$, $k_{4}=r$. Determine necessary and sufficient conditions for $M_{k_{1}}, M_{k_{2}}, M_{k_{3}}, M_{k_{4}}$ guaranteeing the existence of a function $x\in L_{\infty,\infty}^{r,r-2}(\mathbb{R}_{-})$ such that: \[ \|x^{(k_{i})}\|_{L_{\infty}(\mathbb{R}_{-})}= M_{k_{i}},\quad i=1,2,3,4. \] In order to do this, the authors introduce suitable extremal functions (see Section 2), show some of its properties (cf. Lemmas 1 and 3) and connect them with extremal properties of certain functions in $L_{\infty,\infty}^{r,r-2}(\mathbb{R}_{-})$ (see Lemmas 2 and 4). Then the authors establish an exact Kolmogorov-type inequality for a class of $L_{\infty,\infty}^{r,r-2}(\mathbb{R}_{-})$ (see Lemma 5) and guarantee the existence of extreme functions with given norms of the derivatives in Lemma 6. Finally, the use of Lemmas 5 and 6 allows to solve the aforementioned problem (see Section 6).