ORV sequences with nondegenerate groups of regular points (Q2417356)

Let \(\mathbf{x}=(x(n))\) denote a sequence of positive numbers and for \( \lambda >0\), let \(U(\lambda )\) and \(L(\lambda )\) denote the upper and lower limit functions \(U(\lambda )=\limsup_{n\rightarrow \infty } x(\left[ n\lambda \right] )/x(n)\leq \infty \) and \(L(\lambda )=\liminf_{n\rightarrow \infty } x(\left[ n\lambda \right] )/x(n)\geq 0\). The sequence is RV (regularly varying) if \(U(\lambda )=L(\lambda )<\infty$, $\forall \lambda >0\). The sequence is O-regularly varying (ORV) if \(U(\lambda )<\infty$, $\forall \lambda >0\). The sequence is in the class \(L\) if it satisfies \( \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty }x(n+1)/x(n)=1\). The set of regular points of \( \mathbf{x}\) is the set \(G(\mathbf{x})\) of \(\lambda >0\) for which \(U(\lambda )=L(\lambda )\). The set is called nondegenerate if it contains more than one element. In a first main result, the author proves that, if \(\mathbf{x}\in L\), then \(G(\mathbf{x})\) is a multiplicative group. In a second result, the author considers sequences \(\mathbf{x}\in ORV\cap L\) for which there exists \( c\in G(\mathbf{x})\) and \(c\neq 1\). In this case, \(U(\lambda )\) is of the form \(U(\lambda )=\lambda ^{\alpha }P(\log \lambda )\) where \(P(.)\) is a positive periodic function. In the sequel of the paper, the author discusses interesting properties of \(P(.)\) and further properties of the class \( ORV\cap L\).