\(E_n \) Jacobi forms and Seiberg-Witten curves (Q2418744)

This paper studies weak Jacobi forms invariant under the action of the Weyl group of type \(E_n\) for \(n=6,7,8\). Such functions are called \(W(E_n)\)-invariant (weak) Jacobi forms. Jacobi forms invariant under these groups have previously been looked at by \textit{K. Wirthmüller} [Compos. Math. 82, No. 3, 293--354 (1992; Zbl 0780.17006)]. However, there the \(E_8\) case was excluded, and the constructions of the Jacobi forms associated to the \(E_6\) and \(E_7\) cases are expressed in a more abstract form. Meanwhile, the \(E_8\) case was studied elsewhere, including by the author of this work. This paper explicitly constructs a full set of generators of the algebra of \(W(E_n)\)-invariant weak Jacobi forms. Using these Jacobi forms, the author then constructs Seiberg-Witten curves of type \(\tilde{E}_6\) and type \(\tilde{E}_7\) for the \(E\)-string theory. The coefficients of these new Seiberg-Witten curves are generators of the algebra of \(E_n\) (\(n=6,7\)) weak Jacobi forms over the algebra of modular forms. The author also discusses the case of \(E_8\) and makes some conjectural remarks about the generators of the algebra of \(W(E_8)\)-invariant Jacobi forms over the algebra of modular forms. The construction of the holomorphic Jacobi forms is performed in Section 2. After some initial definitions in that section, \(W(E_8)\)-invariant Jacobi forms are constructed in Subsection 2.2, where they are expressed in terms of various Jacob theta functions. The \(W(E_7)\)- and \(W(E_6)\)-invariant Jacobi forms are tackled in Subsections 2.3 and 2.4, respectively, and are obtained by restricting the elliptic variable within the root space orthogonal to fundamental weights of the proceeding cases. Section 3 provides the Seiberg-Witten curves and discusses the generators of Jacobi forms. The paper concludes with three appendices providing additional information about the Seiberg-Witten curves, the choice of roots, and the functions involved.