Composite values of irreducible polynomials (Q2418880)

Quoting a letter of Goldbach to Euler from September 1743, the author gives two proofs for the following fact. Let \(f\in\mathbb{Z}[X]\) be an irreducible polynomial with content 1. Then for any polynomial \(q\in\mathbb{Z}[X],\) there exists a polynomial \(g\in\mathbb{Z}[X]\) such that \(f(q(X)f(X)+X)=f(X)g(X)\). In particular, polynomials \(f\) of degree at least 1, represent infinitely many composite numbers of the form \(f(f(X)+X).\) Two nice applications are given, one connected to Goldbach's letter.