Apparent horizon and gravitational thermodynamics of Universe in the Eddington-Born-Infeld theory (Q2419807)

Summary: The thermodynamics of Universe in the Eddington-Born-Infeld (EBI) theory was restudied by utilizing the holographic-style gravitational equations that dominate the dynamics of the cosmical apparent horizon \(\Upsilon_A\) and the evolution of Universe. We started in rewriting the EBI action of the Palatini approach into the Bigravity-type action with an extra metric \(q_{\mu \nu}\). With the help of the holographic-style dynamical equations, we discussed the property of the cosmical apparent horizon \(\Upsilon_A\) including timelike, spacelike, and null characters, which depends on the value of the parameter of state \(w_m\) in EBI Universe. The unified first law for the gravitational thermodynamics and the total energy differential for the open system enveloped by \(\Upsilon_A\) in EBI Universe were obtained. Finally, applying the positive-heat-out sign convention, we derived the generalized second law of gravitational thermodynamics in EBI Universe.