Elliptic curves over the rationals with good reduction outside two odd primes (Q2420390)

By a well known result of Shafarevich, the number of isomorphism classes of elliptic curves over a given number field with good reduction outside a finite set of primes is finite. In particular, there are only finitely many isomorphism classes of elliptic curves over \({\mathbb Q}\) with given conductor a fixed positive integer \(N\). A natural question is an explicit characterization of this finite set for \(N\) a product of powers of a small number of primes. The authors first give a useful summary of the known cases when \(N\) is a product of powers of at most two primes. They then proceed to prove a number of explicit classifications of elliptic curves over \({\mathbb Q}\), where \(N\) is a product of powers of two odd primes and \(E\) has \(1\) or \(3\) rational points of order \(2\). The classified families are often described in terms of solutions in primes to certain generalized Fermat equations. Additional classifications of elliptic curves over \({\mathbb Q}\) with a rational point of order \(3\), \(4\), and \(5\) are given, as well as results which apply more generally without conditions on torsion points. Finally, consequences of the results involving rational points of order \(2\) to the ranks of the elliptic curves are explained.