Numerical semigroups of Szemerédi type (Q2420402)

Given any length \(k\ge3\) and density \(0 < \delta \le 1\), let \(\operatorname{Sz}(k ,\delta)\) denote the set consisting of all positive integers \(n\) such that every subset \(X \subseteq [1, n]\) of density \(| X |/ n \ge \delta\) contains an arithmetic progression of length \(k\). Szemerédi's Theorem shows that this set is not empty. The authors show that \(\operatorname{Sz}(k ,\delta)\cup \{0 \}\) is an additive subsemigroup of the set of non-negative integers for every integer \(k \ge 3\) and \(0 < \delta\le 1\) which complement in the set of non-negative integers if finite. To prove this they use a weaker version of Szemerédi's theorem that given an integer \(k\ge 3\) and \(0 < \delta\le 1\), there exists a positive integer \(n = n(k ,\delta )\) such that every subset \(A \subseteq [ 1 , n ]\) of density \(| A |/ n \ge\delta\) contains an arithmetic progression of length \(k\). Then they determine \(\mathop{Sz}(3 ,\delta)\) for various values of \(\delta< 1\), and \(\operatorname{Sz}(4 ,1/2)\).