Growth of solutions of complex differential equations with solutions of another equation as coefficients (Q2422089)

Let \(g\) be a meromorphic function. Then the order of growth of \(g\) is defined by \[ \rho (g)=\limsup_{r\rightarrow +\infty}\frac{\log ^{+}T(r,g)}{\log r}, \] where \(T(r,g)\) is the Nevanlinna characteristic function of \(g\). If \(g\) is an entire function, then the order of growth of \(g\) is defined as \[ \rho (g)=\limsup_{r\rightarrow +\infty}\frac{\log ^{+}T(r,g)}{\log r}=\limsup_{r\rightarrow +\infty}\frac{\log \log^{+}M(r,g)}{\log r}, \] where \(M(r,g)=\max_{\vert z\vert =r}\vert g(z)\vert \). In this paper under review, the authors investigate the order of growth of solutions of the second-order linear differential equation \[ f''+A(z)f'+B(z)f=0,\tag{1} \] where \(A(z)\not\equiv 0,\) \(B(z)\not\equiv 0\) are solutions of another second-order complex differential equations. By using the notion of accumulation rays of the zero sequence of entire functions, under some conditions they proved that every non-trivial solution of the equation \((1)\) is of infinite order. We recall the concept of accumulation rays of the zero sequence of a meromorphic function \(g\). Definition. Let \(g\) be a meromorphic function in \(\mathbb{C}\), and let \(\arg z=\theta \in\mathbb{R}\) be a ray from the origin. We denote, for each \(\varepsilon >0\), the exponent of convergence of the zero sequence of \(g\) at the ray \(\arg z=\theta \) by \(\lambda_{\theta ,\varepsilon }(g)\) and \(\lambda_{\theta }(g)\) is denoted by \[ \lambda _{\theta }(g)=\lim_{\varepsilon \rightarrow 0^{+}}\lambda _{\theta ,\varepsilon }(g)=\lim_{\varepsilon\rightarrow 0^{+}}\limsup_{r\rightarrow +\infty}\frac{\log ^{+}n_{\theta -\varepsilon ,\theta +\varepsilon }(r,0,g)}{\log r}, \] where \(n_{\alpha ,\beta }(r,0,g)\) is the number of zeros of \(g\) counting multiplicity in \[ \{ z:\alpha <\arg z<\beta \} \cap \{ z:\vert z\vert <r\} . \] We call the ray arg \(z=\theta \), which has the property \(\lambda _{\theta}(g)=\rho (g)\), an accumulation ray of the zero sequence of \(g\). The main results of this paper state as follows. Theorem 1. Suppose that \(A(z)\) and \(B(z)\) are two linearly independent solutions of the second-order differential equation \[ w''+P(z)w=0, \] where \(P(z)=a_{n}z^{n}+a_{n-1}z^{n-1}+\cdots +a_{1}z+a_{0}\), \(a_{n}\neq 0\). If the number of accumulation rays of the zero sequence of \(A(z)\) is less than \(n+2\), then every non-trivial solution of \((1)\) is of infinite order. Theorem 2. Suppose that \(A(z)\) and \(B(z)\) are respectively non-trivial solutions of the differential equations \[ \begin{aligned} w''+Q_{1}(z)w&=0,\\ w''+Q_{2}(z)w&=0, \end{aligned} \] where \(Q_{1}(z)=a_{n}z^{n}+a_{n-1}z^{n-1}+\cdots +a_{1}z+a_{0}\), \(a_{n}\neq 0,\) \(Q_{2}(z)=b_{m}z^{m}+b_{m-1}z^{m-1}+\cdots+b_{1}z+b_{0}\), \(b_{m}\neq 0\). Suppose that \(A(z)\) and \(B(z)\) satisfy one of the following conditions: \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] \(m>n\); \item[(ii)] \(m<n\); \item[(iii)] \(m=n\), \(\arg a_{n}\neq \arg b_{m},\) the number of accumulation rays of the zero sequence of \(A(z)\) is less than \(n+2\); \item[(iv)] \(m=n\) and \(a_{n}=cb_{m}\), where \(0<c<1\). \end{itemize} Then every non-trivial solution of \((1)\) is of infinite order.