Bilinear multipliers on Banach function spaces (Q2422257)

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Bilinear multipliers on Banach function spaces
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    Bilinear multipliers on Banach function spaces (English)
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    18 June 2019
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    This work provides some new results on a classical family of bilinear maps acting in lattices of integrable functions that allow integral representations involving the Fourier transforms of the functions. Consider a locally integrable function \(m(\xi, \eta)\) on \(\mathbb R^n \times \mathbb R^n\), and define \[ B_m(f,g)(x)= \int_{\mathbb R^n } \int_{\mathbb R^n} \hat f(\xi) \, \hat g(\eta) \, m(\xi,\eta) \, e^{2n i \langle \xi + \eta, x \rangle} d \xi \, d \eta \] for functions \(f\) and \(g\). Such a bilinear operator is called a bilinear multiplier, and has some relevant properties that are related, for instance, to some classical works on the bilinear Hilbert transform on Lebesgue spaces by \textit{M. Lacey} and \textit{C. Thiele} [Ann. Math. (2) 146, No. 3, 693--724 (1997; Zbl 0914.46034)], regarding a conjecture of \textit{A. P. Calderón} [Stud. Math. 24, 113--190 (1964; Zbl 0204.13703)], which were followed by \textit{R. R. Coifman} and \textit{Y. Meyer} [Euclidean harmonic analysis, Proc. Semin., Univ. Maryland 1979, Lect. Notes Math. 779, 104--122 (1980; Zbl 0427.42006)] and later by \textit{L. Grafakos} and \textit{R. H. Torres} [Adv. Math. 165, No. 1, 124--164 (2002; Zbl 1032.42020)], among others. For the case \(n=1\), the class of all such operators defined from Banach function spaces \(X_1\) and \(X_2\) to \(X_3\) is denoted by \(\mathcal {B M}_{(X_1,X_2,X_3)} (\mathbb R)\). In the present paper, some properties are analyzed for such operators on spaces that are invariant under translation, modulation and dilation, including the relevant case of rearrangement invariant spaces. Due to its interest in applications, the case of elements of \(\mathcal {B M}_{(X_1,X_2,X_3)} (\mathbb R)\) for which \(m(\xi, \eta)= M(\xi - \eta)\) for a measurable function \(M\) is studied carefully, and some interesting results are shown for them. For example, an already known -- but relevant -- result is recovered in Corollary 16: let \(1 \le p_1, p_2, p_3 < \infty\) and suppose that there exists a nontrivial bilinear operator of this type from \(L^{p_1}(\mathbb R) \times L^{p_2}(\mathbb R) \) to \(L^{p_3}(\mathbb R) \). Then \(1/ p_3 \le 1/p_1 + 1/ p_2 \le 1/p_3 +1\). The last section of the paper is devoted to bilinear multipliers of the last mentioned class on rearrangement invariant Banach function spaces. In order to generalize procedures that work for the case of \(L^p\)-spaces, the Boyd indices of the spaces involved are considered, and some relevant results on the existence of multipliers among particular spaces are shown. When the results are applied to the case of Lebesgue spaces again, new results are obtained (Corollary 26, for example), thus showing the power of the developed method.
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    bilinear operator
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    multiplier
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    Banach function space
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    rearrangement invariant
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