The Poincaré-Bendixson theorem for a class of delay equations with state-dependent delay and monotonic feedback (Q2423233)

In this paper, the real-valued differential equation \[x'(t) = f(x(t), x(t-d(x_t)))\] is investigated, where $f: \mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}$ is smooth, bounded, globally Lipschitz and strictly monotonic in its second argument. Under further assumptions, the author proves the Poincaré-Bendixson theorem: Let $E$ be the set of equilibria and define $\pi: \mathcal{A}(\subset C) \to \mathbb{R}^2$ by $\pi(x_t) = (x(t), x(t-d(x_t)))$. Then $\pi$ is injective on $\omega(x_0)$ and either (i) $\omega(x_0)$ is a single non-constant periodic orbit or (ii) for every solution $y: \mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ with $y_0 \in \omega(x_0)$, both $\alpha(y_0)$ and $\omega(y_0)$ are contained in $E$. This is an extension of the Poincaré-Bendixson theorem for the equation $x'(t) = f(x(t), x(t-1))$ available in literature.