Reducibility for wave equations of finitely smooth potential with periodic boundary conditions (Q2423266)

In this paper, the authors investigate the reducibility of the wave equation \[ (e_1) \ \ \ \ u_{tt}-u_{xx}+Mu+\varepsilon (V_0(\omega t)u_{xx}+ V(\omega t,x)u)=0, \] where \(x\in \mathbb{R}/ 2\pi \mathbb{Z}\), the constant \(M>0\), \(V_0\) is \(C^N\)-smooth and quasi-periodic in time \(t\) with Diophantine frequency \(\omega\in \mathbb{R}^n\). Diophantine condition has the form \(|(k,\omega )|\geq \gamma /|k|^{n+1}\), \(k\in\mathbb{Z}^n\setminus \{0\}\), \(0<\gamma \ll 1\). Here, the reducibility is derived for \((e_1)\) with finitely smooth and quasi-periodic in time potential subject to periodic boundary conditions. It turns out that the linear equation \((e_1)\) can be reduced to a linear Hamiltonian system with a constant coefficient operator which is of pure imaginary point spectrum set. The main result includes the statement that the corresponding wave operator possesses the property of pure point spectra and zero Lyapunov exponent. More exactly, it is proved that for any \(0<\gamma \ll 1\), there exists a number \(\epsilon^{\ast }\) with \(0<\epsilon^{\ast }\ll \gamma \) and a subset \(\Pi\subset [1,2]^n\) with mes\(\Pi\geq 1-O(\gamma^{1/3})\) such that for any \(0<\varepsilon <\epsilon^{\ast }\) and for any \(\omega \in \Pi \), there is a quasi-periodic symplectic change such that the equation \((e_1)\) is reduced to a linear Hamiltonian system \[\begin{aligned} \dot{\tilde{q}}=(\Lambda +\varepsilon \tilde{Q})\tilde{p}, \\ \dot{\tilde{p}}=-(\Lambda +\varepsilon \tilde{Q})\tilde{q}, \end{aligned}\] where \(\Lambda =\mathrm{diag}(\Lambda_j:j=0,1,2\ldots )\), \(\Lambda_0=\rho \sqrt{M}\), \(\Lambda_j= \rho\sqrt{j^2+M}\, E_{22}\), \(\rho \) is a constant close to 1, \(E_{22}\) is a \(2\times 2\) unit matrix, and \(\|\tilde{Q}_i\| \leq C/i\) (\(i=1,2,\ldots \)). Here the mes\(\Pi \) is Lebesgue measure for the set \(\Pi \). The authors use Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) method and other results included in the paper.