Interpolating Blaschke products: Stolz and tangential approach regions (Q2425533)

This paper is a part of the authors' series of papers on the integrability of the derivative of a Blaschke product, a subject that was motivated by some pioneering results of Rudin and Piranian in the 1950's and has been extensively studied by Ahern, Clark, Protas, and others since the 1970's. A sequence \((a_n)_{n=1}^\infty\) in the unit disk is said to be uniformly separated if the product \[ \prod_{j\neq k} \left| \frac{a_j-a_k}{1-\overline{a}_j a_k}\right| \] is uniformly bounded from below for all positive integers \(k\). By a classical theorem of Carleson, this is equivalent to saying that the sequence is interpolating for the space \(H^\infty\) of bounded analytic functions in the disk. Finite unions of exponential sequences are uniformly separated. Under some extra conditions, the converse also holds: a uniformly separated sequence contained in a Stolz angle is a finite union of exponential sequences. This was shown by \textit{D. J. Newman} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 92, 501--507 (1959; Zbl 0088.28005)]. Theorem 1 of the present article extends this result (and complements several related statements that can be found in the literature) by showing that a sequence contained in a Stolz angle is a finite union of exponential sequences if and only if it is a finite union of uniformly discrete sequences (i.e., separated in the hyperbolic metric) if and only if it is a finite union of uniformly separated sequences, if and only if certain associated discrete measures are Carleson measures. Newman's result can be used to show that, given an interpolating Blaschke product whose zeros lie in a Stolz angle, its derivative belongs to all Bergman spaces \(A^p\) of \(p\)-integrable analytic functions in the disk (with respect to area measure) for \(0<p<2\). Theorems 2 and 3 in the paper show that if the zeros of such product are located inside a horodisk (i.e., a disk internally tangent to the unit circle), then actually its derivative belongs to all \(A^p\) spaces for \(p<3/2\) and the exponent is best possible. Membership in Bergman spaces of the derivative of an interpolating Blaschke product whose sequence of zeros is contained in other internally tangential regions is also considered, and some sharp results are obtained. Such regions were also studied by Ahern and his coauthors in the 70's.