Tetravalent half-arc-transitive graphs of order \(p^4\) (Q2426430)

A graph \(X\) is \textit{half-arc-transitive} if its automorphism group Aut\((X)\) acts transitively on its vertex set and on its edge set but not on its set of directed edges. Connected, 4-valent, half-arc-transitive graphs \(X\) on \(p^4\) vertices, where \(p\) is prime, are characterized as follows: \(p\geq3\), and \(X\) must be one of the \(p-1\) (nonisomorphic) Cayley graphs of the form Cay\((G_1(p),S_i)\) or Cay\((G_2(p),T_i)\). Here the underlying groups are the two metacyclic groups of order \(p^4\): \[ G_1(p)=\langle a,b\mid a^{p^3}=b^p=1,\;[a,b]=a^{p^2}\rangle, \] \[ G_2(p)=\langle a,b\mid a^{p^2}=b^{p^2}=1,\;b^{-1}ab=a^{1+p}\rangle, \] and the connecting sets are \(S_i=\{a^{\pm1},(a^{-1}b^i)^{\pm1}\}\) and \(T_i=\{b^{\pm1},(ab^i)^{\pm1}\}\) for each \(i=1,\ldots,(p-1)/2\).