Relative matched pairs of finite groups from depth two inclusions of von Neumann algebras to quantum groupoids (Q2426501)

The present paper introduces so-called relative matched pairs of finite groups as a generalisation of matched pairs and studies depth 2 inclusions of type \(\text{II}_1\) factors related to such pairs. The main result of the paper describes the \(C^*\)-quantum groupoids associated with these inclusions by using double groupoids. It is well known that irreducible, finite index, depth~2 inclusions of type \(\text{II}_1\) factors can be described in terms of actions by Hopf \(C^*\)-algebras (see, for example, \textit{W.\,Szymański} [Proc.\ Am.\ Math.\ Soc.\ 120, 519--528 (1994; Zbl 0802.46076)] or \textit{R.\,Longo} [Commun.\ Math.\ Phys.\ 159, 133--150 (1994; Zbl 0802.46075)]). If the assumption of irreducibility is dropped, a similar characterisation still applies, but instead of Hopf \(C^*\)-algebras one has to consider weak Hopf \(C^*\)-algebras, also known as \(C^*\)-quantum groupoids (see \textit{D.\,Nikshych} and \textit{L.\,Vainerman} [J.~Funct.\ Anal.\ 171, 278--307 (2000; Zbl 1010.46063)]). Subgroups \(H\) and \(K\) of a finite group \(G\) are said to be a matched pair if \(G = HK\) and the intersection \(H\cap K\) is trivial. \textit{D.\,Bisch} and \textit{U.\,Haagerup} [Ann.\ Sci.\ Éc.\ Norm.\ Supér.\ 29, 329--383 (1996; Zbl 0853.46062)] studied a case in which finite groups \(H\) and \(K\) act properly outerly on the hyperfinite type \(\text{II}_1\) factor \(R\). One specific implication of their work is that if \(H\) and \(K\) generate a finite group \(G\) in the outer automorphism group of \(R\) and are a matched pair, then the inclusion \(R^H\subset R\rtimes K\) is of depth~2 and irreducible. Here, \(R^H\) denotes the fixed point subalgebra of \(R\) with respect to the action by \(H\) and \(R\rtimes K\) denotes the crossed product of \(R\) by \(K\). \textit{J.\,H.\, Hong} and \textit{W.\,Szymański} [J.~Oper.\ Theory 37, 281--302 (1997; Zbl 0890.46044)] characterised the quantum group structures related to this type inclusions using twisted bicrossed products. The present paper concerns a situation in which the groups \(H\) and \(K\) need not have a trivial intersection; in this case, \(H\) and \(K\) are said to be a relative matched pair. Write \(M_0 = R^H\) and \(M_1 = R\rtimes K\), and let \(M_0\subset M_1\subset M_2\subset\cdots\) be the corresponding Jones tower. It is shown that the inclusion \(R^H\subset R\rtimes K\) is of depth~2 also in this setting, and so, by the results of Nikshych and Vainerman, \(M_0'\cap M_2\) and \(M_1'\cap M_3\) are C*-quantum groupoids dual to each other. The paper under review describes the structures of \(M_0'\cap M_2\) and \(M_1'\cap M_3\) explicitly using double groupoids associated with relative matched pairs. (The construction of quantum groupoids from double groupoids has been studied by \textit{N.\,Andruskiewitsch} and \textit{S.\,Natale} [Adv.\ Math.\ 200, 539--583 (2006; Zbl 1099.16016)]). Moreover, \(M_0'\cap M_2\) is shown to be isomorphic as a *-algebra with the crossed product \((C(K)\rtimes (H\cap K))\rtimes H\) using suitable actions, and the *-algebra structure of \(M_1'\cap M_3\) is characterised similarly.