Expression for restricted partition function through Bernoulli polynomials (Q2426713)

Recall that one calls denumerant any partition of an integer \(s\) whose parts have been constrained to belong to some fixed set \(d= \{ d_1, \dots, d_n\}\) and that one denotes \(W(s,d)\) their number. Following \textit{J. J. Sylvester} [Am. J. Math. 5, 79--136 (1882; JFM 14.0072.02)], this restricted partition function \(W\) can be split into a sum of so-called wave functions \(W_j(s,d)\). This path is taken by the author to provide an explicit formula for \(W(s,d)\) in terms of the Bernoulli polynomials of higher order. Computations are done using a symbolic notation (a.k.a. umbral calculus) for which a reminder is given in the appendix.