Littlewood-Paley \(g\)-function on the Heisenberg group (Q2431894)

The Littlewood-Paley \(g\)-function on \({\mathbb R}^n\) gives a characterization of the \(L^p\)-norm of a function. In fact we have the following theorem. Theorem A. Suppose \(\phi\) is a radial nonzero function on \({\mathbb R}^n\) such that \((-\triangle)^{-\frac{n}{4}}\phi \in L^2({\mathbb R}^n)\) and \(|\nabla \phi(x)| \leq C(1+|x|)^{-n-1-\varepsilon}\), where \(\triangle\) is the Laplacian, \(\nabla\) is the gradient, and constants C, \(\varepsilon >0\). Then for \(1<p<\infty\), there exist constants \(A_p, B_p >0\) such that \[ A_p \|f\|_p \leq \|g(f)\|_p \leq B_p \|f\|_p, \quad f \in L^p({\mathbb R}^n). \] The authors consider the \(g\)-function related to a class of radial functions which gives a characterization of the \(L^p\)-norm of a function on the Heisenberg group. \textit{S. Thangavelu} studied the \(g\)-function connected with the semigroup generated by the sub-Laplacian on the Heisenberg group in [Harmonic analysis on the Heisenberg group. Progress in Mathematics (Boston, Mass.). 159. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser (1998; Zbl 0892.43001)]. In this paper, the \(g\)-function is considered under much weaker conditions. Let \({\mathcal L}\) be the sub-Laplacian on the Heisenberg group \({\mathbb H}^n\). The operators \(\psi({\mathcal L})\) can be defined by the spectral expansion of \({\mathcal L}\) for a suitable function \(\psi\) defined on (0, \(\infty\)). Denote by \(\phi\) the kernel function of \(\psi({\mathcal L})\), that is, \(\psi({\mathcal L})f = f*\phi\). We denote by \({\mathcal R}({\mathbb H}^n)\) the set of all these kernel functions \(\phi\). The \(g\)-function on the Heisenberg group is defined by \[ g(f,u) = \biggl(\int^{\infty}_{0}|\psi(\rho {\mathcal L})f(u)|^2 \frac{d\rho}{\rho} \biggr)^{1/2}= \biggl(\int^{\infty}_{0}|f*\phi_{\rho}(u)|^2\frac{d\rho}{\rho} \biggr)^{1/2}, \] where \(\phi_{\rho}(u)=\rho^{-n-1}\phi(\frac{u}{\sqrt{\rho}})\). In this paper a main result is as follows: Main theorem. If \(\phi(u) \in {\mathcal R}({\mathbb H}^n)\) is a nonzero function on \({\mathbb H}^n\) such that \({\mathcal L}^{-\frac{Q}{4}} \in L^2({\mathbb H}^n)\) and \(|\nabla \phi(u)| \leq C(1+|u|)^{-Q-1-\varepsilon}\), where \(\nabla\) denotes the gradient on the Heisenberg group, \(Q=2n+2\) is the homogeneous dimension of \({\mathbb H}^n\), and constants \(C\), \(\varepsilon >0\), then for \(1<p< \infty\) there exist constants \(A_p, B_p >0\) such that \[ A_p \|f\|_p \leq \|g(f)\|_p \leq B_p\|f\|_p, \quad f \in L^p({\mathbb H}^n). \]