Riemann surfaces of genus \(g\) with an automorphism of order \(p\) prime and \(p > g\) (Q2433975)

Let \(S\) be a compact Riemann surface or smooth projective curve over \(\mathbb C\) of genus \(g\), Aut\((S)\) analytic automorphism (full automorphism) group of \(S\), \(\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z\) the cyclic group of order \(n\), \(| A| \) the cardinality for a set \(A\), Fix\((G)\) the set of the fixed points by the action of a group \(G\), \(\langle T\rangle\) the subgroup generated by \(T\), \(\mathbb P^1\) the Riemann sphere or the one-dimensional projective space over \(\mathbb C\). Denote by \(S\simeq S'\) that \(S\) and \(S'\) are isomorphic as Riemann surfaces. Finally, let \(M_g\) be the moduli space of smooth curves of genus \(g\). The following theorem is well known: If \(T\in\text{Aut}(S)\) is of prime order \(p > g\), then there are only four possibilities: (1) \(S/\langle T\rangle\) has genus 1, \(g = 1\) and \(| \text{Fix}(T)| = 0\). (2) \(S/\langle T \rangle\simeq \mathbb P^1\), \(g = 0\) and \(| \text{Fix}(T)| = 2\). (3) \(S/\langle T \rangle\simeq \mathbb P^1\), \(p = 2g + 1\) and \(| \text{Fix}(T)| = 3\). (4) \(S/\langle T \rangle\simeq \mathbb P^1\), \(p = g + 1\) and \(| \text{Fix}(T)| = 4\). The last two cases are the nontrivial ones. In a more general setting, Lefschetz stu\-di\-ed these surfaces using algebraic equations. Among other things, he computed the full automorphism group for surfaces of the third case, which are known as Lefschetz surfaces. Since then, people have worked on Lefschetz surfaces, classifying them completely. In the paper [\textit{G. E. Gómez González}, Bol. Soc. Mat. Mex., III. Ser. 2, No. 2, 115--128 (1996; Zbl 0920.14009)], the author proved that the Lefschetz surfaces which have as full automorphism group \(\mathbb Z/p\mathbb Z\) are exactly the isolated points of the singular locus \(S_g\) of \(M_g\) for \(g > 3\); he also counted these points for every \(g\). Since Lefschetz surfaces are branched on three points on \(\mathbb P^1\), their moduli space is zero dimensional. This gives the problem of classification of Lefschetz surfaces a purely combinatorial character. For the fourth case, we have one free complex parameter plus the combinatorial problem. In this work, the author gives a method for working out that case. As consequences, he constructs a parametrization space for them, computes the full automorphism group for each of these surfaces, computes formulas for the number of components of dimension zero and one of the singular locus \(S_g\) of \(M_g\). Affine equations are given for all Riemann surfaces which correspond to special tilings, i.e., equilateral tilings \(\Delta(\frac{2\pi}{3p},\frac{2\pi}{3p}, \frac{2\pi}{3p})\) and square tilings \(\Delta(\frac{\pi}{p},\frac{\pi}{2p}, \frac{\pi}{2p})\), and also for hyperelliptic Riemann surfaces.