The classification of algebras of level one (Q2435550)

Any \(\mathbb{C}\)-algebra\(\;L\) of dimension \(n\) can be viewed as a vector space with bilinear multiplication \(\lambda:L\otimes L\rightarrow L.\) The group \(\text{GL}_{n}\left( \mathbb{C}\right) \) acts on the \(n^{3} \)-dimensional vector space \(B\left( V\right) :=\text{Hom}\left( V\otimes V,V\right) \) by \(\left( g\ast\lambda\right) \left( x,y\right) =g\left( \lambda\left( g^{-1}\left( x\right) ,g^{-1}\left( y\right) \right) \right) ,\;g\in\text *{GL}_{n}\left( \mathbb{C}\right) ,\;\lambda\in B\left( V\right) .\) This can be viewed as an action of \(\text{GL}_{n}\left( \mathbb{C}\right) \) on the space of \(n\)-dimensional \(\mathbb{C}\)-algebras, and the orbits are the isomorphism classes of algebras. If the orbit of \(\mu\) lies in the Zariski closure of \(\lambda,\) \(\mu\in B\left( V\right) ,\) then \(\lambda\) is said to degenerate to \(\mu\) and we write \(\lambda\rightarrow\mu;\) furthermore, this degeneration is said to be direct if there is no chain \(\lambda\rightarrow\nu\rightarrow \mu\) of nontrivial degenerations. If all degenerations of \(\lambda\) are direct, then \(\lambda\) is said to be a level one algebra. Clearly, the property of being level one is invariant under the action of \(\text{GL}_{n}\left( \mathbb{C}\right) .\) The main result of the work currently reviewed is a classification of dimension \(n\geq2\) level one algebras, correcting the result in [\textit{V. V. Gorbatsevich}, Sov. Math. 35, No. 10, 17--24 (1991); translation from Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Mat. 1991, No. 10 (353), 19--27 (1991; Zbl 0753.17002)] After providing counterexamples to the result in the cited work, the authors provide their own classification. Let \(\left\{ e_{1},\dots,e_{n}\right\} \) be a basis for an \(n\)-dimensional vector space. Let \(p_{n}^{-}\) \ be the algebra with multiplication \(e_{1} e_{i}=e_{i},\;e_{i}e_{1}=-e_{i}\) for \(i\geq2.\) For \(\alpha\in\mathbb{C},\) let \(\nu_{n}\left( \alpha\right) \) be the algebra with multiplication \(e_{1}e_{1}=e_{1},\;e_{1}e_{i}=\alpha e_{i},\) and \(e_{i}e_{1}=\left( 1-\alpha\right) e_{i}\) for \(i\geq2.\) Let \(\mathfrak{a}_{n}\) be the abelian algebra. Finally, in the case of \(3\)-dimensional algebras, let \(n_{3}^{-}\) be the algebra with multiplication \(e_{1}e_{2}=e_{3},\;e_{2}e_{1}=-e_{3};\) and in the case of dimension \(2\) let \(\lambda_{2}\) have multiplication \(e_{1} e_{1}=e_{2}\). Then, for \(n\geq3,\) a level one algebra is isomorphic to either \(p_{n}^{-},\;n_{3}^{-}\oplus\mathfrak{a}_{n-3},\;\lambda_{2}\oplus \mathfrak{a}_{n-2},\) or \(\nu_n\left( \alpha\right) .\) Furthermore, if \(n=2\) then a level one algebra is isomorphic to either \(p_{2}^{-},\;\lambda_{2},\) or \(\nu_2\left( \alpha\right) .\)