Resolution of nonsingularities for Mumford curves (Q2436084)

Let \(X\) be a hyperbolic curve over \(\overline{\mathbb{Q}_{p}}\). In [Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci. 40, No. 4, 1291--1336 (2004; Zbl 1078.14037)], \textit{A. Tamagawa} proved that for every closed point \(x\) of the stable reduction of \(X\), there exists a finite étale cover \(Y\) of \(X\) and an irreducible component of the stable reduction of \(Y\) that lies over \(x\). In the paper under review, and under the assumption that \(X\) is a Mumford curve, the result is generalized by replacing the stable model of \(X\) by an arbitrary semistable model \(\mathcal{X}\) (and the stable model of \(Y\) by the minimal semistable model of \(Y\) over \(\mathcal{X}\)). This is realized by a clever construction of \(\mu_{p^n}\)-torsors on the Berkovich analytification \(X^{\mathrm{an}}\) of \(X\) (in order to construct points with positive genera on the corresponding covers, which necessarily correspond to generic points of any of their semistable reductions) using theta functions. As a corollary, the author deduces that every curve over \(\overline{\mathbb{Q}_{p}}\) admits a Zariski-dense open subset on which the same result holds. In the sequel of the paper, the author studies tempered fundamental groups of Mumford curves. Let us recall that a tempered cover of a Berkovich space is a sort of a mix between a finite étale and a topological cover. The notion has been introduced by \textit{Y. André} [Period mappings and differential equations. From \({\mathbb C}\) to \({\mathbb C}_p\). Tôhoku-Hokkaidô lectures in arithmetic geometry. With appendices: A: Rapid course in \(p\)-adic analysis by F. Kato, B: An overview of the theory of \(p\)-adic unifomization by F. Kato, C: \(p\)-adic symmetric domains and Totaro's theorem by N. Tsuzuki. Tokyo: Mathematical Society of Japan (2003; Zbl 1029.14006)] and [Duke Math. J. 119, No. 1, 1--39 (2003; Zbl 1155.11356)]. The author proves that two Mumford curves over \(\overline{\mathbb{Q}_{p}}\) with isomorphic tempered fundamental groups have homeomorphic associated Berkovich spaces. It is well-known that the Berkovich space associated to \(X\) may be reconstructed by the graphs of all the semistable reductions. The former result of resolution of nonsingularities then shows that it is actually enough to consider stable models of finite Galois covers up to action of the Galois group. The other essential ingredient is a result of Mochizuki that ensures that the tempered fundamental group is enough to recover the graph of the stable reduction (see [\textit{S. Mochizuki}, Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci. 42, No. 1, 221--322 (2006; Zbl 1113.14025)]). Finally, The author handles the case of punctured Tate curves. Let \(q_{1}, q_{2} \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}_{p}}\) such that \(|q_{1}|, |q_{2}| <1\). If the tempered fundamental groups of \(\mathbb{G}_{m}/q_{1}^{\mathbb{Z}} - \{1\}\) and \(\mathbb{G}_{m}/q_{2}^{\mathbb{Z}} - \{1\}\) are isomorphic, then there exists \(\sigma \in \mathrm{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}_{p}}/\mathbb{Q}_{p})\) such that \(q_{2} = \sigma(q_{1})\).