Probabilistic well-posedness for the cubic wave equation (Q2436085)

The paper is devoted to the cubic wave equation \[ (\partial_t^2-\Delta_g)u+u^3=0,\quad u:\mathbb R\times M\rightarrow \mathbb R,\tag{eq} \] with initial conditions \[ u|_{t=0}=u_0,\;\;\partial_t u|_{t=0}=u_1,\quad (u_0,u_1)\in H^s(M)\times H^{s-1}(M)\equiv H^s(M),\tag{ivp} \] where \(\Delta_g\) denotes the Laplace-Beltrami operator on a three dimensional boundaryless Riemannian manifold \((M,g)\) and \(H^s(M)\) denotes the classical Sobolev space on \(M\). The authors study the well-posedness in the Hadamard sense (existence, uniqueness and continuous dependence on the data) of ({eq})-({ivp}). As it turns out, \(s=\frac12\) is the critical borderline: the Cauchy problem is locally well-posed for data in \(H^s\), \(s\geq\frac12\), and it is even globally well-posed for \(s\geq\frac34\), but for \(s\in(0,\frac12)\) it is not locally well-posed. In the present paper the authors prove that well-posedness for ({eq})-({ivp}) survives for \(s<\frac12\) if one accepts to randomize the initial data. This randomization is carried out by using infinite product measures and random Fourier series. The authors also study dynamical properties of the flow obtained and prove its probabilistic continuity.