Single-directional properties of quasi-monotone operators (Q2436675)

Let \(X\) be a real Banach space and \(X^*\) be its continuous dual space such that \((X,X^*)\) is a dual pair with the associated bilinear form \(\langle .,.\rangle\). Let \(U\) be a nonempty subset of \(X\). Let \(T: U \rightarrow 2^{X^*}\) be a multivalued operator, viz., \(Tx \subseteq X^*\) for every \(x \in U\). \(T\) is called monotone if \[ \inf \{\langle y^*, y-x \rangle: y^* \in T(y) \} \geq \sup \{\langle x^*, y-x \rangle: x^* \in T(x)\} \] for all \(x,y \in U\). \(T\) is called quasi-monotone if for every \(x, y \in U\) the following implication holds: \[ \sup \{\langle x^*, y-x \rangle: x^* \in T(x)\} >0 \Rightarrow \inf \{\langle y^*, y-x \rangle: y^* \in T(y)\} \geq 0. \] \(T\) is called single-directional at \(x \in X\) if \(T(x) \subseteq [0,\infty)y\) for a fixed \(y \in X^*\), dependent on \(x\). Recall that a topological space \(W\) is said to be fragmentable if there exists a metric \(\rho\) on \(W\) such that, for every \(\varepsilon >0\) and for every nonempty \(M \subseteq W\), there exists an open set \(\Omega \subseteq W\) such that \(M \cap \Omega\) is nonempty and has \(\rho\)-diameter less than \(\varepsilon\). Let \(X^*\), endowed with the weak\(^*\) topology, be fragmentable. Let \(U\) be a nonempty open subset of \(X\) and let \(0 \notin C \subseteq X^*\) be a weak\(^*\) compact set and let \(Q: U \rightarrow 2^{X^*}\) be a quasi-monotone multivalued map such that \(Q(x) \cap C \neq \emptyset\) for every \(x \in U\). In this framework, the authors' main result is that there exists a dense \(G_{\delta}\) subset \(D \subseteq U\) such that \(Q(x)\) is single-directional and lies in \([0, \infty)C\) for every \(x \in D\).