Area preserving maps on \(S^2\): a lower bound on the \(C^0\)-norm using symplectic spectral invariants (Q2437975)

For a symplectic manifold \((M,\omega)\) any compactly supported Hamiltonian function \(H: [0,1]\times M\to\mathbb{R}\) generates a time-dependent vector field \(X_H\) defined by \(i_{X_H}\omega=d H_t\), where \(H_t(X)=H(t,X)\) and induces a Hamiltonian flow \(\varphi_H^t:M\to M\). The Hofer norm on the space of compactly supported Hamiltonians is defined as \(\|H\|=\int_0^1\max\limits_x H(t,X)-\min\limits_x H(t,X)\,dt\). Let \(\text{Ham}_c(M,\omega)\) be the group of compactly supported Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms on \((M,\omega)\). The Hofer norm of \(\psi\in\text{Ham}_c(M,\omega)\) is defined as \(\|\psi\|=\inf\limits_H\{\|H\|;\;\psi=\varphi_H^1\}\). In [Comment. Math. Helv. 68, No. 1, 48--72 (1993; Zbl 0787.58017)], \textit{H. Hofer} showed that there exists a constant \(C>0\) such that for \(\psi\in\text{Ham}_c(\mathbb{R}^{2n},\omega_0)\) and the diameter \(D\) of \(\text{supp}(\psi)\), \(\|\psi\|\leq CD\|\psi\|_{C^0}=CD\sup\limits_x\|\psi(x)-x\|\) establishing the \(C^0\)-continuity of the Hofer norm in \((\mathbb{R}^{2n},\omega_0)\). He also introduced the displacement energy of an open set \(U\subset\mathbb{R}^{2n}\): \[ e(U)=\inf\limits_{\psi\in\text{Ham}_c(\mathbb{R}^{2n},\omega_0)}\{\psi:\;\psi(U)\cap U=\emptyset\}, \] and proved the energy-capacity inequality: \(c_{HZ}(U)\leq e(U)\), where the Hofer-Zehnder capacity, \(c_{HZ}\), is defined by \[ c_{HZ}(M,\omega) =\sup\{\max\limits_xH(0,x)-\min\limits_xH(0,x):\;H_0\;\text{is admissible}\}. \] In this paper, the authors show that there exists \(\delta(A,D)>0\) such that for any \(\psi\in\text{Ham}_c(\mathbb{R}^{2n},\omega_0)\) with the diameter \(D\) of the \(\text{supp}(\psi)\) that displaces an open set \(U\subset \mathbb{R}^{2n}\) with \(c_{HZ}(U) =A>0\), \(\|x-\psi(x)\|\geq\delta(A,D)\) for some \(x\in\mathbb{R}^{2n}\). Also, they show the analog of this result for a closed \(2\)-dimensional symplectic manifold \((M,\omega)\). They show that there exists \(\delta(A)>0\) such that for any \(\psi\in\text{Ham}(M,\omega)\) that displaces an open set \(U\subset M\) with \(c_{HZ}(U)=A>0\), \(\|x-\psi(x)\|\geq\delta(A)\) for some \(x\in M\). Furthermore, the authors extend the first result from \(\mathbb{R}^{2n}\) to \(S^2\) and show that for the sphere \((S^2,\omega_0)\) with the canonical two-form, there exists \(\delta(A)>0\) such that for any area-preserving homeomorphism \(f:S^2\to S^2\) that displaces the closure of an open connected set \(U\subset S^2\) with \(\text{Area}(U)=A>0\), \(\|x-f(x)\|\geq \delta(A)\) for some \(x\in S^2\).