Strongly Jónsson and strongly HS modules (Q2439303)

Let \(R\) be a commutative ring with identity and \(M\) a unitary \(R\)-module throughout. An infinite \(R\)-module \(M\) is called a Jónsson module if every proper submodule has a smaller cardinality than \(M\). As a type of dual notion, an infinite module \(M\) is called homomorphically smaller (HS) if \(|M/N|<|M|\) for every nonzero \(R\)-submodule \(N\) of \(M\). Jónsson modules have been studied by Robert Gilmer, Bill Heinzer, and the current author, among others, and results on HS-modules have been published by Oman and Salminen (see the references of the paper). The current paper generalizes these notions by introducing strongly Jónsson modules and strongly HS modules defined as follows. Let \(M\) be a (not necessarily infinite) \(R\)-module with \(R\)-submodules \(N\) and \(K\). Then \(M\) is a strongly Jónsson module if \(|N|\not= |K|\) when \(N\not= K\) and \(M\) is a strongly HS module if \(|M/N|\not= |M/K|\) for \(N\not= K\). The main results of the current paper are the following classification theorems for strongly Jónsson modules and strongly HS modules. { Theorem 1}. \(M\) is strongly Jónsson if and only if one of the following hold: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[(I)] There exist discrete valuation rings \((V_1, m_1), \ldots (V_n, m_n)\) each with finite residue fields, and positive integers \(k_1, \ldots k_n\) such that if the ring \(S:= V_1/(m_1^{k_1})\times \cdots \times V_n/(m_n^{k_n})\), then (a) \(M\) is \(R\)-module isomorphic to \(S\). Moreover, the structure of \(S\) as an \(R\)-module is essentially the same as the structure of \(S\) as an \(S\)-module, and (b) the sets of cardinalities of ideals in the rings \(V_1/(m_1^{k_1}), \ldots, V_n/(m_n^{k_n})\) satisfy a ``product maximal'' condition. \item [(II)] \((V, m) := \mathrm{End}_R(M)\) is a complete discrete valuation ring with a finite residue field, and the structure of \(M\) as an \(R\)-module is essentially the same as the structure of \(M\) as a \(V\)-module. Moreover, if \(K\) is the quotient field of \(V\), then \(M\) is \(V\)-module isomorphic to \(K/V\). \item [(III)] There exists a maximal ideal \(J\) of \(R\) such that \(M\) is \(R\)-module isomorphic to \(R/J\). { Theorem 2}. Let \(D\) be a domain which is not a field, and let \(M\) be an infinite faithful \(D\)-module (Oman demonstrates we can restrict to this setting). Then \(M\) is a strongly HS \(D\)-module if and only if the following hold: \end{itemize}} {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[(a)] \(D\) is a Dedekind domain with all residue fields finite, \item [(b)] If \(P\) and \(Q\) are distinct maximal ideals of \(D\), then \(D/P\) and \(D/Q\) have distinct nonzero characteristics, and \item [(c)] \(M\) is \(D\)-module isomorphic to some nonzero ideal \(I\) of \(D\). \end{itemize}} The article concludes with: {Theorem 3}. Every overring of a strongly HS domain is also strongly HS.