Asymptotic number of scattering resonances for generic Schrödinger operators (Q2439699)

Let \(H_V=-\Delta + V\) be the Schrödinger operator acting on \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\) with \(d\geq 3\) odd. Here, the potential \(V\) vanishes outside the closed ball \(B_a(0)\) with center at \(0\) and of radius \(a\). As the first main result, the authors improve the reminder term in the estimate obtained by \textit{M. Zworski} in [J. Funct. Anal. 82, No. 2, 370--403 (1989; Zbl 0681.47002)]. Namely, they show that, for radial real valued potentials \(V\) such that \(V\in C^2[0,a]\) and \(V(a)\neq 0\), the number of resonances of \(H_V\) with modulus \(\leq r\), \(n_r(V)\), satisfies the following estimate \[ n_r(V) = C_d a^dr^d + \mathcal{O}(r^{d-\frac{3}{4} + \varepsilon}),\qquad r\to \infty, \] for every \(\varepsilon >0\). To describe the second main result, let \(\Omega\) be a connected open set in \(\mathbb{C}^p\). Consider the family of bounded potentials \(V_\upsilon\), which is uniformly bounded in \(L^\infty(B_a(0),\mathbb{C})\) and depends holomorphically on \(\upsilon \in\Omega\). If there are \(\upsilon_0 \in \Omega\) and \(\delta \in(0,1]\) such that \[ n_r(V_{\upsilon_0}) = C_d a^dr^d + \mathcal{O}(r^{d- \delta + \varepsilon}),\qquad r\to \infty \] for every \(\varepsilon >0\), then there is a pluripolar set \(E\in \Omega\) such that \[ n_r(V_{\upsilon}) = C_d a^dr^d + \mathcal{O}(r^{d- \frac{\delta}{4} + \varepsilon}),\qquad r\to \infty \] for all \(\upsilon \in \Omega\setminus E\) (note that \(E\) has Lebesgue measure \(0\) and its Hausdorff dimension is at most \(2p-2\)). Let us also mention the following corollary. Let \(V\) be a bounded complex valued potential vanishing outside \(B_a(0)\). Choose any radial real valued potential \(V'\) such that \(V\in C^2[0,a]\) and \(V(a)\neq 0\) and set \(V_\upsilon:=\upsilon V + (1-\upsilon) V'\), \(\upsilon\in\mathbb{C}\). Then, combing the above results, we conclude that \[ n_r(V_\upsilon) = C_d a^dr^d + \mathcal{O}(r^{d- \frac{3}{16} + \varepsilon}),\qquad r\to \infty \] for almost all \(\upsilon \in \mathbb{C}\) and every \(\varepsilon>0\).