On Mahavier products (Q2440860)

The authors introduce a new operator, called \textit{Mahavier product}, which presents the generalization of the inverse limit operator with set-valued functions defined by W.\ S.\ Mahavier. They define the Mahavier product in the following way: let \((\Lambda, \leq)\) be a preordered set and for each \(\lambda \in \Lambda\), let \(X_{\lambda}\) be a topological space, such that for each \(\lambda,\mu \in \Lambda\) satisfying \(\lambda \leq \mu\) there is a closed relation \(F_{\lambda}^{\mu} \subset X_{\lambda} \times X_{\mu}\), where \(F_{\lambda}^{\lambda}\) is the identity relation on \(X_{\lambda}\) and such that, for every triple \(\lambda,\mu,\nu \in \Lambda\) satisfying \(\lambda \leq \mu \leq \nu\), we have that \(F_{\lambda} ^{\nu} \subseteq F_{\lambda} ^{\mu} \circ F_{\mu} ^{\nu}\). The system \({S} = \{ X_{\lambda},F_{\lambda} ^{\mu}, \Lambda\}\) is called a Mahavier system and over this the authors define the Mahavier product by \[ \begin{multlined} M S = {M }_{\lambda \in \Lambda} (X_{\lambda},F_{\lambda} ^{\mu})\\ = \{ x : \Lambda \to \prod _{\lambda \in \Lambda} X_{\lambda} : x(\lambda) \in X_{\lambda} \text{ for } \lambda \in \Lambda, \text{ and } (x(\lambda),x(\mu)) \in F_{\lambda}^{\mu} \text{ for each } \lambda \leq \mu\}. \end{multlined} \] The authors also introduce notions when the Mahavier system is either exact, full, surjective, totally ordered, directed or consistent. In the section ``Observations and examples'' the authors give several examples of Mahavier products and prove that every totally ordered full Mahavier system is consistent. Also they prove when the Mahavier product is nonempty. In the end of the section they define a reverse system to \({ S}\), \({ S}^{-1}\), and prove that \({ M S}\) and \({ M S}^{-1}\) are homeomorphic. In the last section of the paper the authors introduce relations between two Mahavier systems. The name of the product is named in honor of W.\ S.\ Mahavier, the most influential person for new insight in this research area.