Contragenic functions of three variables (Q2440909)

It is well known that every harmonic function in the unit disk can be re\-pre\-sen\-ted as the sum of a holomorphic and an antiholomorphic function. The same happens in the corresponding unit balls for monogenic (hyperholomorphic) functions of quaternionic analysis (in the sense of both the Fueter and the Moisil-Teodorescu operators) and of Clifford analysis. The authors are interesed in the case of monogenic functions from \(\mathbb{R}^{3}\) to \(\mathbb{R}^{3}\). It turns out that the above-mentioned representation of harmonic functions does not hold now, in general. The term ``contragenic'' is used for harmonic functions which are orthogonal (in the sense of \(L_{2}\)) to the monogenic and the antimonogenic functions. Let \(\mathcal{M}(\Omega)\) be the set of \(\mathbb{R}^{3}\)-valued monogenic functions and let \(\overline{\mathcal{M}}(\Omega)\) be the set of the respective antimonogenic functions. An element of \(\mathcal{M}(\Omega)+\overline{\mathcal{M}}(\Omega)\) is called an ``ambigenic'' function; it decomposes as a sum of a monogenic and of an antimonogenic function uniquely up to the addition of a monogenic constant, i.e., a function of the form \(f=c_{0}+f_{1}e_{1}+f_{2}e_{2}\) where \(c_{0}\in\mathbb{R}\) and \(f_{1}-\mathbf{i}f_{2}\) is an ordinary holomorphic function of the complex variable \(x_{1}+\mathbf{i}x_{2}\). If \(n>0\) then there is constructed an orthogonal basis for the space of square integrable ambigenic functions on the unit ball of \(\mathbb{R}^{3}\) which are homogeneous of degree \(n\). All this can be found in the first three sections while a detailed discussion of contragenic functions forms Section 4 where their existence is shown, some basic properties are commented on, an analog of the Bergman kernel for functions which are vectorial parts of elements of \(\mathcal{M}(\mathbb{B}^{3})\), \(\mathbb{B}^{3}\) is the unit ball in \(\mathbb{R}^{3}\), is given. Finally, Section 5 deals with the construction of contragenic polynomials which are homogeneous of degree \(n\).