Circular law for random discrete matrices of given row sum (Q2443433)

Consider a random \(n\times n\) matrix whose entries are \(\pm 1\), the rows are independent random vectors and the sum of the elements in each row is \(s_n\), where \(|s_n| < (1-\varepsilon)n\) and \(\varepsilon > 0\) is fixed. The authors prove that the empirical spectral distribution of the matrix \(\frac 1 {\sigma_n \sqrt n}M_n\) with \(\sigma_n^2 = 1- (s_n/n)^2\) converges almost surely to the uniform distribution on the unit disk in the complex plane, as \(n\to\infty\). The key ingredient in the proof is a new polynomial estimate on the least singular value of \(M_n\).