The coefficients of differentiated expansions of double and triple Jacobi polynomials (Q2445076)

Jacobi polynomials play important roles in mathematical analysis and its applications, among others subjects. It is known that Jacobi polynomials are the only polynomials arising as eigenfunctions of a singular Sturm-Liouville problem. The interest of the authors is focused on the expansion for the solution in terms of Jacobi polynomials. If these polynomials are used as a basis, explicit expressions for the expansions coefficients of the derivatives in terms of the original expansion coefficients of the solution are required. The authors state and prove the corresponding formulae expressing the coefficients of expansions of double and triple Jacobi polynomials, which have been partially differentiated any number of times with respect to their variables, in terms of the coefficients of the original expansion. Along the paper they consider the normalized Jacobi polynomials with general indices generated by the corresponding recurrence relation. For a continuous function \(f\) defined on the interval \([-1,1]\) the authors obtain the coefficients of the expansion of \(f\) and its \(q\)th derivatives into a uniform convergent series of Jacobi polynomials. Considering the two variables Jacobi polynomials, defined as a product of two one variable Jacobi polynomials satisfying certain biorthogonality conditions, the authors obtain explicit expressions for the expansion of a two variables function defined on the unit square, continuous, and with bounded partial derivatives of any order with respect to its variables. A similar expression for a continuous function defined on the unit cube and with bounded partial derivatives of any order with respect to its variables, is obtained. The main results of the paper are the explicit formulae expressing the coefficients of double and triple Jacobi polynomials, that have been partially differentiated an arbitrary number of times with respect to their variables, in terms of the coefficients of the original expansions for any possibles values of the parameters of Jacobi polynomials. An application to the Poisson equation is discussed. The authors illustrate the preceding results with some numerical experiments.