Structure of leaves and the complex Kupka-Smale property (Q2445514)

The aim of the author is to explore the topology and dynamics of generic singular holomorphic foliations by curves in Stein manifolds. In particular, she proves that such a holomorphic foliation satisfies the following conditions: {\parindent=8mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] all leaves are contractible except countably many of them which are topological cylinders, \item[(ii)] all singular points are complex hyperbolic, \item[(iii)] all complex cycles are hyperbolic, \item[(iv)] strongly invariant manifolds of different singularities intersect transversely, \item[(v)] invariant manifolds of complex cycles intersect transversely with each other and with strongly invariant manifolds of singular points, \item[(vi)] for a singular point \(a\) and strongly invariant manifolds \(M_1,M_2\) such that locally around \(a\), \(M_1\cap M_2=\{a\}\) then \(M_1\) and \(M_2\) intersect transversely everywhere else. \end{itemize}} Two remarks about these results: first, if a foliation satisfies conditions (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v), it is said to have the Kupka-Smale property. And secondly, a complex cycle is defined as a free homotopy class of loops in a leaf of the foliation. We say that a complex cycle is isolated if the associated holonomy has a unique fixed point. The proof follows these steps: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[1.] Several types of degeneracies are defined and the non-existence of different combinations of them implies different conditions of the theorem. \item[2.] The degeneracies are removed by local perturbation and glued topologically to the original foliation creating a topological perturbation. \item[3.] By the approximation theory in Stein spaces, this perturbation is approximated by holomorphic ones. \item[4.] The holomorphic perturbation could have new degeneracies but they would be located in an at most countable number of places. \item[5.] For each one of these places there is an open dense set of foliations with no degeneracies in them. Taking the intersection of these dense sets completes the proof. \end{itemize}} The article includes an appendix (Section 5), collecting several concepts and results which are useful for the understanding of the article.